Associação entre o uso de agonistas do receptor do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon-1 e o risco de complicações perioperatórias em pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv9n3-101Keywords:
GLP-1, complicações perioperatórias, anestesia, diabetes, esvaziamento gástricoAbstract
No contexto atual, com o aumento significativo do uso de agonistas do receptor do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon-1 (GLP-1 RAs), especialmente no tratamento do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e da obesidade, torna-se relevante investigar seus impactos no período perioperatório, considerando os riscos de aspiração pulmonar e regurgitação associados ao retardo do esvaziamento gástrico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar, por meio de revisão de literatura, a associação entre o uso desses fármacos e o risco de complicações perioperatórias em pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão de literatura nas bases PubMed e SciELO, utilizando descritores relacionados a GLP-1 RAs, complicações pós-operatórias, cuidados perioperatórios e esvaziamento gástrico, com seleção de estudos publicados entre 2021 e 2025. Foram observadas evidências de que os GLP-1 RAs podem aumentar o risco de broncoaspiração devido à presença de conteúdo gástrico residual, mesmo após jejum adequado. Há heterogeneidade nas recomendações quanto à manutenção ou suspensão desses medicamentos no período perioperatório, devendo a decisão ser baseada na estratificação individual de risco. Destaca-se a importância do planejamento perioperatório, incluindo anamnese estruturada, avaliação individualizada e estratégias específicas de manejo, a fim de minimizar riscos e garantir maior segurança ao paciente.
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