Presença de tripanossomatídeos em animais silvestres e domésticos no Brasil: uma revisão da literatura dos últimos cinco anos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv9n3-084Keywords:
saúde única, leishmaniose visceral, Trypanosoma cruziAbstract
Este artigo apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura publicada entre 2020 e 2025 sobre a ocorrência de tripanossomatídeos em animais silvestres e domésticos no Brasil. O objetivo foi reunir e analisar evidências sobre espécies parasitárias, hospedeiros infectados, métodos diagnósticos utilizados e implicações epidemiológicas. A busca foi realizada em bases de dados científicas (PubMed, BVS e SciELO), utilizando combinações de descritores relacionados aos parasitas, animais hospedeiros e técnicas de detecção. Após triagem e aplicação de critérios de inclusão, 11 estudos foram selecionados para análise final. Os resultados apontaram uma predominância de infecções por Leishmania infantum em cães, identificados como principais reservatórios da leishmaniose visceral, além de casos relevantes em gatos, equídeos, roedores, marsupiais e primatas. A detecção também incluiu a espécie Leishmania martiniquensis, relatada pela primeira vez na América do Sul. As técnicas moleculares, especialmente PCR, foram amplamente utilizadas e mostraram maior sensibilidade em comparação aos métodos sorológicos. A diversidade de hospedeiros e a distribuição geográfica dos estudos, concentrados nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Sul, evidenciam a complexidade dos ciclos de transmissão. A revisão ressalta a importância de estratégias integradas de vigilância e controle, bem como a necessidade de ampliar o conhecimento em áreas menos estudadas.
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