Uso profilático de tela em cirurgias de urgência em pacientes com alto risco de eventração e evisceração: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv9n2-044Keywords:
tela profilática, cirurgia de urgência, eventração, evisceração, hérnia incisionalAbstract
Considerando a elevada incidência de complicações da parede abdominal — incluindo deiscência fascial, eventração e evisceração — em pacientes submetidos a laparotomias de urgência com múltiplos fatores de risco, objetiva-se analisar as evidências científicas mais atualizadas sobre a eficácia, segurança e indicações do uso profilático de tela nesse contexto. Para tanto, procedeu-se a uma revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO e LILACS, selecionando 20 artigos publicados entre 2019 e 2026, incluindo ensaios clínicos randomizados, meta-análises, estudos de coorte e diretrizes internacionais. Desse modo, observa-se que a tela profilática reduziu significativamente a deiscência fascial (13,5% para 0%; p=0,003) e a hérnia incisional (33% para 5,9%; p=0,0001), com benefício mantido em seguimento de 64 meses. Complicações precoces como seroma e infecção de sítio cirúrgico foram mais frequentes no grupo com tela, porém de resolução espontânea em 92,3% dos casos. O que permite concluir que o uso profilático de tela em cirurgias de urgência é eficaz e seguro em pacientes de alto risco, sendo recomendado pelas diretrizes internacionais ECLAPTE/WSES (2023).
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