Hábitos alimentares e longevidade: uma revisão narrativa sobre envelhecimento saudável
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv9n1-102Keywords:
capacidade funcional, doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, envelhecimento sadio, padrões alimentares, qualidade de vidaAbstract
O envelhecimento populacional constitui um dos principais desafios contemporâneos, exigindo estratégias que não se limitem ao aumento da expectativa de vida e priorizem a manutenção da capacidade funcional e da qualidade de vida. Nesse contexto, os hábitos alimentares apresentam-se como determinantes modificáveis centrais do envelhecimento sadio, influenciando processos metabólicos, inflamatórios e oxidativos correlacionados às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar, por meio de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, a relação entre hábitos alimentares e longevidade, com ênfase na promoção do envelhecimento saudável, na prevenção de doenças crônicas e na preservação da funcionalidade em pessoas idosas. Este estudo consiste em uma revisão narrativa baseada em publicações nacionais e internacionais indexadas entre 2013 e 2025 nas bases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science e LILACS, além de documento institucional. Os achados científicos foram sintetizados de forma descritiva e interpretativa e organizados em eixos temáticos. Os resultados indicam que hábitos alimentares tradicionais brasileiros, alinhados ao Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira, apresentam associação com melhor qualidade da dieta e menor risco de doenças crônicas. Ademais, padrões como a dieta Mediterrânea, a dieta DASH e as dietas baseadas em plantas demonstram benefícios consistentes à saúde cardiovascular, metabólica, cognitiva e funcional, contribuindo para a manutenção da autonomia no envelhecimento, destacando-se ainda a relevância abrangente da redução do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Dessa forma, evidencia-se que padrões alimentares saudáveis, culturalmente adequados e baseados predominantemente em alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados desempenham papel fundamental na promoção da longevidade com qualidade de vida, ressaltando a importância de ações em saúde e de políticas públicas voltadas ao envelhecimento saudável.
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