Potencial aplicação de probióticos e prebióticos na saúde ginecológica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv9n1-068Keywords:
câncer cervical, disbiose, Lactobacillus, vaginose, HPVAbstract
A microbiota vaginal em equilíbrio (eubiose) apresenta uma predominância de 5 espécies de bactérias do gênero Lactobacillus, incluindo L. crispatus e L. gasseri. Estes, a partir da secreção de ácido lático e peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), criam uma barreira contra organismos estranhos, reduzindo vaginoses e lesões cervicais, como HPV. Probióticos são organismos que promovem o equilíbrio da microbiota, reforçando os mecanismos de defesa e beneficiando o indivíduo. Prebióticos são ingredientes fermentados seletivamente que resultam em alterações específicas na composição e/ou atividade da microbiota, conferindo assim benefício à saúde do hospedeiro. O presente trabalho reúne pesquisas científicas a respeito de probióticos e prebióticos utilizados para equilibrar o ambiente cervical e eliminar organismos patogênicos, visando manter a eubiose, evitar a disbiose e complementar tratamentos ginecológicos. Há acúmulo de evidências dos efeitos positivos dos probióticos no ambiente vaginal, como controlar o crescimento excessivo e os processos infecciosos de agentes patogênicos e modular a inflamação sistêmica, proliferação celular e apoptose. Além da ação preventiva de infecções, há evidências de que moléculas secretadas por Lactobacillus exibiram ação antimetastáticas e antiproliferativas em linhagens celulares de câncer cervical, regulando genes relacionados ao câncer e provocando uma resposta imunológica. Dessa forma, embora se acumulem evidências sobre a influência positiva dos Lactobacillus na saúde do aparelho genital feminino, ainda existem questões a serem elucidadas tanto em relação a ação contra o HPV e vaginoses bacterianas, quanto mecanismos moleculares de ativação do sistema imune e da ação antitumoral, além do entendimento sobre fisiologia e metabolismo de Lactobacillus.
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