Microrganismos como indicadores de poluição ambiental: uma revisão de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n6-399Keywords:
poluição ambiental, biomarcadores, microrganismosAbstract
A poluição ambiental interfere na capacidade da natureza de sustentar a vida. O desenvolvimento econômico acelerado, avanço da indústria, agricultura e urbanização causam o aumento de poluentes no meio ambiente, prejudicando a qualidade de vida, causando perda da biodiversidade e desequilíbrio dos ecossistemas. Os indicadores de poluição auxiliam na avaliação da água, ar e solo, podendo ser físicos, químicos e biológicos, sendo geralmente avaliados em conjunto para estabelecer parâmetros de qualidade. Os microrganismos como indicadores biológicos de poluição, são essenciais, permitindo avaliar os impactos da poluição de forma dinâmica e perceber os reais efeitos da ação humana na natureza, portanto, bactérias, fungos, protozoários e vírus podem atuar como indicadores e também como agentes de biorremediação. As bactérias Escherichia coli, enterococos e do grupo coliforme tem grande destaque como bioindicadores, principalmente para contaminação por resíduos fecais, mas também outras bactérias como Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus e Bacillus sp. se sobressaíram associadas à poluição por metais, poluição do ar e potencial de biorremediação. Dessa forma, os microrganismos, principalmente bactérias constituem-se como aliados no monitoramento da poluição ambiental, permitindo identificar fontes de contaminação e avaliar riscos à saúde pública, vale ressaltar que há necessidade de padronizar protocolos de uso e ampliar pesquisas que integrem biomarcadores microbianos como ferramentas sustentáveis de gestão ambiental.
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