The influence of individual and family anthropometric factors on adolescent body image perception

Abstract

Introduction: Body image is a multidimensional construct influenced by psychological, cultural, social, environmental, and familial factors. Its development begins in childhood and becomes particularly salient during adolescence, a period marked by intense physical and psychosocial changes. Objective: To investigate the influence of individual and family sociodemographic and anthropometric factors on adolescents’ satisfaction with their body image. Methods: A cross-sectional, exploratory study was conducted using a convenience sample of adolescents aged 10–17 years who attended routine Child and Adolescent Health consultations. Data were collected on gender, family structure, and Body Mass Index (BMI) of both adolescents and their parents. Body image perception and satisfaction were assessed using the Portuguese version of the Collins Silhouette Scale for Children and Adolescents. Results: Only 27% of adolescents reported being satisfied with their body image. Higher BMI was associated with greater dissatisfaction and an increased desire to lose weight. Male adolescents tended to select larger silhouettes to represent their perceived body image, whereas females selected slimmer silhouettes. Adolescents from nuclear families were more likely to express a desire to maintain their current weight. No significant associations were found between sociodemographic variables and ideal body image. Conclusions: Body image dissatisfaction is prevalent among adolescents and is influenced by BMI and family structure. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating body image awareness into obesity prevention and intervention programs, as well as promoting family-based approaches to foster healthy body image development.