I Dental Research Meeting: advances and perspectives in research on fluorides and dental fluorosis, Lima – 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n6-158Keywords:
fluoride, Latin America, dentifricesAbstract
Within the framework of the research activities developed by the School of Stomatology of the César Vallejo University, the I Dental Research Meeting was held on November 28 and 29, 2024; research professors from international institutions and universities belonging to the Latin American Network for Research on Fluoride and Fluorosis (RELIFYF) participated. The presentations included 3 topics: 1) Distribution of diseases such as dental caries and fluorosis in Latin American cities, as well as public policies on fluoridation of drinking water and salt. 2) Determination of fluoride in toothpaste, saliva and urine after toothbrushing. 3) Method of diagnosis in fluorosis through photography, analytical methods for the determination of fluorides, as well as an economic proposal for the development of a spectrophotometer. The research presented in this document represents various Latin American countries such as Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Paraguay, Mexico and Bolivia. In Latin America, there is evidence of a deficiency in regulations related to the use of fluorides in marketed products. The prevalence of fluorosis in the region varies from mild to severe forms. It is essential to consider the total daily intake of fluoride in populations, as well as to promote the development and implementation of emerging instruments for its measurement.
References
Zhang K, Lu Z, Guo X. Advances in epidemiological status and pathogenesis of dental fluorosis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023 May 5;11:1168215. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1168215. PMID: 37215086; PMCID: PMC10196443. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37215086/
Fernández Constanza E, Giacaman Rodrigo A, Cury Jaime A. Concentración de fluoruro en aguas embotelladas comercializadas en Chile: importancia en caries y fluorosis dental. Rev. méd. Chile [Internet]. 2014;142(5):623-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872014000500011.
Gamarra, J., Álvarez-Ordaz, D., Molina-Frechero, N., Sanchez-Pérez L., Pierdant-Rodriguez A., Isiordia-Espinoza M. . Association between fluoride intake from drinking water and severity of dental fluorosis in Northern and Western Mexico: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 24, 708 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04472-7
Gallará RV, Ponce RH, González-Martinez F, Fresno MC, Armas-Vega A, Velez ME et al. Dissemination event on research in fluorides and dental fluorosis in Latin America-Santiago, Chile, October 18, 19 and 20, 2023. Brazilian Journal of Development, Curitiba, 2024:10(3):01-20 https://ojs.brazilianjournals.com.br/ojs/index.php/BRJD/article/view/67977
Nath S, Sethi S, Bastos JL, Constante HM, Mejia G, Haag D, Kapellas K, Jamieson L. The Global Prevalence and Severity of Dental Caries among Racially Minoritized Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Caries Res. 2023;57(4):485-508. doi: 10.1159/000533565. Epub 2023 Sep 21. PMID: 37734332.
Chaffee BW, Rodrigues PH, Kramer PF, Vítolo MR, Feldens CA. Oral health-related quality-of-life scores differ by socioeconomic status and caries experience. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2017 Jun;45(3):216-224. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12279. Epub 2017 Jan 12. PMID: 28083880; PMCID: PMC5506781.
Singh S, Talmale P. Impact of dental caries and nutritional status on oral health related quality of life in young Indian adolescents. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2023 Jul-Aug;13(4):506-510. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.05.002. Epub 2023 Jun 6. PMID: 37324658; PMCID: PMC10265519.
Mathur MR, Tsakos G, Millett C, Arora M, Watt R. Socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries and their determinants in adolescents in New Delhi, India. BMJ Open. 2014 Dec 12;4(12):e006391. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006391. PMID: 25500618; PMCID: PMC4267077.
OMS. (2021). Poner fin a la caries dental en la infancia. Ginebra: OMS. Available: https://www.paho.org/es/documentos/poner-fin-caries-dental-infancia-manual-aplicacion-oms
Thwin KM, Tun TZ, Kaneko N, Nohno K, Ogawa H. Clinical and Microbial Evaluation of Dental Caries Status and Associated Factors Among Primary Schoolchildren in Myanmar: A Cross-Sectional Study. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2023 Jan;35(1):42-49. doi: 10.1177/10105395221139347. Epub 2022 Nov 25. PMID: 36426605.
Cury JA, Caldarelli PG, Tenuta LM. Necessity to review the Brazilian regulation about fluoride toothpastes. Rev Saude Publica. 2015;49:74. doi: 10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049005768.
Lima CV, Cury JA, Vale GC, Lima MD, Moura Lde F, Moura MS. Total Fluoride Intake by Children from a Tropical Brazilian City. Caries Res. 2015;49(6):640-6. doi: 10.1159/000442029.
Valadas LAR, Sorazabal AL, Salgado PA, Argentieri AB, Squassi A. Fluoride concentration in dentifrices marketed In Argentina. Int J Dent Hyg. 2023 Feb;21(1):157-164. doi: 10.1111/idh.12570.
Valadas LAR, Sena NJC, Júnior FJG, Lotif MAL, Passos VF, Squassi A. Fluoride content in paediatric dentifrices commercialized in Brazil. Int J Dent Hyg. 2023 Feb;21(1):165-171. doi: 10.1111/idh.12638.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Community Water Fluoridation. 2020. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/index.html
World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. 4th ed. Geneva: WHO; 2019.
Griffin SO, Jones K, Tomar SL. An economic evaluation of community water fluoridation. J Public Health Dent. 2018;78(2):109–15.
Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Worthington HV, Walsh T, O'Malley L, Clarkson JE, Macey R, et al. Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(6):CD010856. Available from: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010856.pub2/full
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Why is fluoride in our water? 2024. Available from: https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2024/why-is-fluoride-in-our-water
Scientific American. Fluoride in drinking water is safe. Here’s the evidence. 2024. Available from: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fluoride-in-drinking-water-is-safe-heres-the-evidence
Slade GD, Sanders AE, Do L, Roberts-Thomson K, Spencer AJ. Effects of fluoridated drinking water on dental caries in Australian adults. J Dent Res. 2013;92(4):376–82.
Sal fluorada cómo estrategia de prevención de caries en países de sudamérica: una revisión narrativa de la literatura. (2023). Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218, 4(8), e483843. https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v4i8.3843.
Marino R, et al. Swiss salt fluoridation: 65 years of success. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2020;48(4):1-8
Gillespie GM, Baez R. Salt fluoridation in the Americas. WHO Bull. 2005;83(8):663-9.
Jordan RA, et al. Salt fluoridation in The Gambia: A 5-year trial. Caries Res. 2017;51(6):596-604.
Patel A, et al. Fluoride compliance in Indian salt. J Public Health Dent. 2019;79(2):112-8
Buzalaf MA, Levy SM. Fluoride intake of children: considerations for dental caries and dental fluorosis. Monogr Oral Sci. 2011; 22:1–19.
Bhagavatula P, Curtis A, Broffitt B, Weber-Gasparoni K, Warren JJ, Levy SM. The Relationships Between Fluoride Intake Levels and Fluorosis of Late-Erupting Permanent Teeth. Journal of Public Health Dentistry. 2018; 78 (2): 165-174. https://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1292&context=dentistry_fac.
Buzalaf MAR. Review of Fluoride Intake and Appropriateness of Current Guidelines. Advances in Dental Research. 2018; 29(2):157-166. doi:10.1177/0022034517750850.
Spencer A, Do, Mueller U, Baines J, Foley M, Peres M. Understanding Optimum Fluoride Intake from Population-Level Evidence. Adv. Dent. Res. 2018; 29:144–156. doi: 10.1177/0022034517750592.
Martínez-Mier EA, Kelly SA, Eckert GJ, Jackson RD. Comparison of a dietary survey and the duplicate plate method for determining dietary fluoride ingested by young children: A pilot study. Int J Paedíatr Dent. 2009; 19:99–107. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2008.00957. x.
Casaglia A, Cassini MA, Condò R, Laculli F, Cerroni L. Dietary Fluoride Intake by Children: When to Use a Fluoride Toothpaste? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 28;18(11):5791. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115791.
Albahrani MM, Alyahya A, Qudeimat MA, Toumba KJ. Salivary fluoride concentration following toothbrushing with and without rinsing: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):53.
Hirose M, Murata Y, Fukuda A, et al. Salivary fluoride concentrations following toothbrushing with experimental toothpaste containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler. Clin Oral Investig. 2023;27(8):4433-4446.
Issa AI, Toumba KJ. Oral fluoride retention in saliva following toothbrushing with child and adult dentifrices with and without water rinsing. Caries Res. 2004;38(1):15–9.
Lynch RJM, Navada R, Walia R. Low-levels of fluoride in plaque and saliva and their effects on the demineralisation and remineralisation of enamel; role of fluoride toothpastes. Int Dent J. 2004;54(5 Suppl 1):304–9.
Opydo-Szymaczek J, Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska T, Borysewicz-Lewicka M. Fluoride Intake and Salivary Fluoride Retention after Using High-Fluoride Toothpaste Followed by Post-Brushing Water Rinsing and Conventional (1400-1450 ppm) Fluoride Toothpastes Used without Rinsing. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(20):13235.
Pessan JP, Conceição JM, Grizzo LT, Székely M, Fazakas Z, Buzalaf MA. Intraoral fluoride levels after use of conventional and high-fluoride dentifrices. Clin Oral Investig. 2015;19(4):955–8.
Cavalheiro JP, Bussaneli DG, Restrepo M, Bullio Fragelli CM, Loiola Cordeiro RDC, Escobar Rojas A, Santos-Pinto L, & Jeremias F. (2017). Clinical aspects of dental fluorosis according to histological features: A Thylstrup Fejerskov Index review. CES Odontología, 30(1), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.21615/cesodon.30.1.4
Cochran JA, Ketley CE, Sanches L, Mamai-Homata E, Oila A, Árnadóttir IB, Van Loveren C, Whelton HP, & O’Mullane DM. (2004). A standardized photographic method for evaluating enamel opacities including fluorosis. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 32(s1), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00135.x
Wong HM, McGrath C, Lo EC, & King NM. (2005). Photographs as a means of assessing developmental defects of enamel. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 33(6), 438-446. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2005.00245.x
Martins CC, Chalub L, Lima-Arsati YB, Pordeus IA, & Paiva SM. (2009). Agreement in the diagnosis of dental fluorosis in central incisors performed by a standardized photographic method and clinical examination. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 25(5), 1017-1024. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2009000500008
Robertson J, & Toumba KJ. (1999). Cross-polarized photography in the study of enamel defects in dental paediatrics. Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 22(2), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/014051199102179
Kim E, Son T, Lee Y, & Jung B. (2012). Development of polarization dental imaging modality and evaluation of its clinical feasibility. Journal of Dentistry, 40, e18-e25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2012.04.013
Martínez-Murillo A, Moreno C. Fluoride-selective electrodes in environmental analysis. Talanta. 2005;65(4):876–881.
Thomas J, Narayanan SS. Fluoride Ion-Selective Electrodes: A Review. Anal Lett. 2007;40(9):1749–1768.
Jackson PE, et al. Determination of inorganic anions in environmental waters using ion chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 1997;770(1–2):125–132.
Bassin EB, et al. Fluoride concentrations in drinking water and dental fluorosis. Public Health Rep. 2004;119(3):263–268.
Tressaud A, ed. Fluorine: A Century of Progress. Elsevier; 2016. Chapter 12.
Abdul-Wahab SA, Al-Hinai H, Al-Rubai'ey H. Fluoride in drinking water: Overview and emerging technologies for removal. Air Qual Atmos Health. 2019;12(5):597–608.
Skoog, D. A., Holler, F. J., & Crouch, S. R. (2018). Principles of Instrumental Analysis (7th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Harris, D. C. (2020). Quantitative Chemical Analysis (10th ed.). W.H. Freeman.
Atkins, P., & de Paula, J. (2017). Physical Chemistry (11th ed.). Oxford University Press.
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). (2014). Gold Book: Compendium of Chemical Terminology.
Lambert, J. H. (1760). Photometry. Augsburg.
Beer, A. (1852). "Bestimmung der Absorption des rothen Lichts in farbigen Flüssigkeiten". Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 86, 78–88.
Cury, J.; Caldarelli PG, Tenuta, Liivia Maria Andaló. Necessidade de revisão da regulamentação brasileira sobre dentifrícios fluoretados. Revista de Saúde Pública, v. 49, p. 74, 2015. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4603267/
Nath, S.; Sethi, S.; Bastos, J.L.; Constante, H.M.; Kapellas, K.; Haag, D.; Jamieson, L.M. A Global Perspective of Racial–Ethnic Inequities in Dental Caries: Protocol
of Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1390. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph/19031390
