A construção histórica das escalas temporais e seus pressupostos filosóficos: reflexões epistemológicas para o pensamento médico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n6-128Keywords:
epistemologia, história da ciência, tempo geológico, paradigmas científicos, filosofia da medicinaAbstract
A compreensão da antiguidade da Terra e da história humana é fruto de um processo intelectual milenar que combina observação empírica, pressupostos filosóficos e tradições culturais. Desde as cronologias antigas e interpretações teológicas até os modelos geocronológicos modernos, o conhecimento sobre o tempo geológico foi moldado por paradigmas científicos e epistemológicos variáveis. Este artigo traça um panorama histórico do desenvolvimento das escalas temporais, destacando as transições entre cosmovisões aristotélicas, teológicas e naturalistas, e os métodos que emergiram com o empirismo moderno. Ao analisar os fundamentos lógicos e metodológicos subjacentes à construção dessas cronologias, evidencia-se a importância de reconhecer o papel dos pressupostos filosóficos na formulação do conhecimento científico. Tal reflexão possui relevância direta para a medicina, na medida em que o pensamento médico também se apoia em critérios de evidência, inferência e causalidade derivados de matrizes filosóficas e históricas. A crítica epistemológica permite ao médico compreender que ciência e método não são neutros, mas produtos de contextos culturais e lógicos, cuja consciência fortalece a prática clínica baseada em evidências.
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