Aplicações da inteligência artificial na detecção automatizada de patologias retinianas: uma revisão da literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n6-039Keywords:
inteligência artificial, retina, triagem, diagnóstico precoce, oftalmologiaAbstract
A inteligência artificial (IA) tem se consolidado como uma ferramenta relevante na oftalmologia, especialmente no enfrentamento das doenças retinianas, importantes causas de cegueira evitável. Esta revisão narrativa analisou 38 artigos publicados entre 2020 e 2025, com o objetivo de explorar as principais aplicações da IA no diagnóstico, triagem e manejo dessas patologias. A busca foi realizada em bases científicas reconhecidas, utilizando critérios rigorosos de inclusão. Os resultados demonstraram o uso eficaz de diferentes algoritmos de IA em condições como retinopatia diabética, degeneração macular, retinopatia da prematuridade, glaucoma e doenças hereditárias da retina, com bom desempenho diagnóstico e potencial de apoio clínico, sobretudo em áreas com escassez de especialistas. Apesar dos avanços, ainda persistem desafios éticos, técnicos e regulatórios, o que reforça a importância da integração cuidadosa da IA com o julgamento médico e as diretrizes assistenciais.
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