Indicações terapêuticas da cetamina na depressão e suas principais vias de administração: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n6-028Keywords:
cetamina, terapia antidepressiva, vias de administraçãoAbstract
Nos últimos anos, a cetamina destacou-se como um agente terapêutico versátil, ultrapassando seu uso anestésico tradicional. Evidências científicas apontam sua eficácia no manejo de síndromes dolorosas crônicas, em contextos de emergência e, sobretudo, na depressão resistente ao tratamento, inclusive em pacientes com ideação suicida. Seu rápido efeito antidepressivo está relacionado ao antagonismo do receptor NMDA e à modulação de receptores AMPA, HCN, monoaminérgicos e opioides. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática integrativa, as principais indicações terapêuticas da cetamina na depressão e analisar as vias de administração mais utilizadas. Foram selecionados estudos publicados entre 2015 a 2025 nas bases PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect e BVS, complementados pelo Google Scholar. Os resultados revelaram que as vias: intravenosa e intranasal, são as mais consolidadas e eficazes, destacando-se a esketamina intranasal, aprovada pela FDA e EMA, como alternativa prática e de rápida ação. As vias oral e subcutânea apresentam potencial promissor em contextos de maior acessibilidade, enquanto as vias intramuscular e sublingual permanecem em investigação. Ensaios clínicos randomizados e revisões sistemáticas confirmam a eficácia antidepressiva rápida e o perfil de segurança da cetamina, embora ainda existam lacunas relacionadas à padronização de doses, comparações diretas entre vias e seguimento a longo prazo. Conclui-se que a cetamina é indicada principalmente para depressão resistente e ideação suicida aguda, com necessidade de monitoramento clínico devido aos possíveis efeitos dissociativos e risco de dependência.
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