Evolucão da retinopatia diabética em gestantes com diabetes pré-gestacional e gestacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n5-319Keywords:
diabetes gestacional, diabetes mellitus, gestantes, retinopatia diabéticaAbstract
Considerando que a retinopatia diabética pode piorar durante a gestação devido a alterações hormonais e metabólicas, especialmente em mulheres com diabetes pré-gestacional, percebe-se que ainda há lacunas sobre os fatores que influenciam essa progressão, as diferenças entre os tipos de diabetes e o manejo ideal durante e após a gravidez. Dessa forma, objetiva-se avaliar a evolução da retinopatia diabética em gestantes com diabetes mellitus pré-gestacional e gestacional, identificando fatores associados à sua progressão, formas de rastreamento e possíveis repercussões materno-fetais. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma revisão integrativa com critérios de pesquisa da estratégia PICO, realizado por meio de pesquisas na base de dados PubMed Central (PMC), Periódico CAPES e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), utilizando os descritores “Diabetic Retinopathy”, “Diabetes Mellitus” e “Pregnancy” em combinação com o termo booleano “AND”. Dessa busca, foram analisados 803 e, depois de passados por critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 16 artigos para compor o artigo. Desse modo, observa-se que que a gestação representa um período de risco aumentado para a progressão da retinopatia diabética, principalmente em mulheres com diabetes pré-gestacional, o que pode concluir que a compreensão dos fatores que influenciam essa evolução é fundamental para direcionar o rastreamento precoce, o controle metabólico rigoroso e o manejo oftalmológico adequado, visando prevenir complicações visuais e promover melhores desfechos maternos e fetais.
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