Infertilidade masculina: revisão de literatura sobre fatores determinantes e estilo de vida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n5-315Keywords:
estresse oxidativo, infertilidade masculina, qualidade espermática, reprodução assistida, saúde reprodutivaAbstract
A infertilidade masculina é um problema de saúde pública que afeta cerca de 15% dos casais em idade reprodutiva, sendo responsável por até metade dos casos de infertilidade conjugal. Essa condição resulta de fatores multifatoriais, incluindo causas biológicas, genéticas, ambientais e comportamentais. O estilo de vida exerce influência significativa na saúde reprodutiva masculina, destacando-se o impacto negativo do tabagismo, consumo excessivo de álcool, obesidade, uso de drogas e sedentarismo. Outro aspecto relevante é o papel do estresse oxidativo e da fragmentação do DNA espermático, que comprometem a qualidade seminal e reduzem as chances de concepção natural ou assistida. O avanço das técnicas diagnósticas, como o espermograma, os testes de fragmentação do DNA e os métodos de extração espermática, possibilitou melhor avaliação clínica e direcionamento terapêutico. Esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo sintetizar os principais achados dos últimos 15 anos sobre os fatores determinantes da infertilidade masculina, seus impactos clínicos e as perspectivas emergentes para diagnóstico e tratamento.
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