Enterobactérias no desenvolvimento da doença periodontal: uma revisão de literatura sobre a prevalência e implicações da resistência antimicrobiana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n5-158Keywords:
Doença periodontal, enterobactérias, resistência antimicrobianaAbstract
A microbiota oral saudável é formada por uma comunidade diversa de microrganismos, incluindo bactérias, fungos e vírus, que vivem em equilíbrio e contribuem para a manutenção da saúde bucal. Em condições normais, predominam bactérias gram-positivas anaeróbias facultativas e microrganismos comensais que auxiliam na manutenção de homeostase local. Porém, alterações nesse equilíbrio podem levar à disbiose, favorecendo o crescimento de bactérias patogênicas, principalmente gram-negativas anaeróbias estritas ou facultativas, como as enterobactérias. Embora comumente ligadas a infecções intestinais e urinárias, enterobactérias também são isoladas de bolsas periodontais, indicando adaptação ao ambiente bucal. Essas bactérias colonizam áreas subgengivais, formam biofilmes e interagem com o sistema imune, promovendo inflamação crônica e destruição tecidual, levando à doença periodontal. O aumento de cepas multirresistentes preocupa, pois torna o tratamento mais difícil e sugere que o periodonto possa atuar como reservatório de resistência antimicrobiana. Assim, investigar a diversidade, os mecanismos de resistência e o potencial patogênico dessas bactérias no periodonto é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas mais eficazes frente ao aumento de cepas resistentes.
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