Impacto da nutrição pré-operatória sobre complicações em cirurgias gastrointestinais maiores
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n4-152Keywords:
nutrição pré-operatória, cirurgia gastrointestinal, suporte nutricional, complicações pós-operatórias, imunonutrição, avaliação nutricionalAbstract
A nutrição pré-operatória tem se consolidado como um fator determinante na prevenção de complicações em cirurgias gastrointestinais maiores. Esta revisão narrativa teve como objetivo analisar criticamente os efeitos do suporte nutricional no período anterior à cirurgia sobre os desfechos clínicos de pacientes submetidos a procedimentos como gastrectomias, esofagectomias, pancreatoduodenectomias e colectomias. A partir da análise de 25 estudos clínicos publicados entre 2015 e 2025, observou-se que a desnutrição prévia é altamente prevalente nessa população e frequentemente negligenciada na prática clínica. A utilização de ferramentas de triagem nutricional, aliada à implementação de estratégias específicas de suporte — como suplementação oral, nutrição enteral, parenteral e imunonutrição — demonstrou benefícios significativos na redução de infecções, melhora da cicatrização, menor tempo de internação e redução da mortalidade. Os efeitos foram ainda mais expressivos em pacientes idosos e oncológicos, especialmente quando integrados a protocolos multidisciplinares como os programas de pré-habilitação e ERAS. Os achados reforçam a importância de incluir a avaliação nutricional como parte essencial do preparo cirúrgico.
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