The interaction between maternal health and breast milk microbiota: An overview of determinant factors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n4-139Keywords:
human milk, microbiota, immunity, maternally-acquired, breastfeedingAbstract
Breastfeeding is essential for infant health and is associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease and infection due to its effects on the gut microbiota. Breast milk (BM) provides important nutrients for the development and strengthening of the baby's immune system. Its composition is rich in water, macronutrients, and a diverse microbiota, which plays a crucial role in newborn health. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the microbiological profile of BM and to investigate how socio-demographic and maternal health factors influence its microbial composition. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and consulted databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. Twenty-eight studies were selected that examined the microbiological diversity of BM, considering factors such as maternal diet, breastfeeding practices, and maternal characteristics. The results indicate a high microbial diversity in BM, with genera such as Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium predominating. Factors such as maternal body mass index (BMI), diet, and breastfeeding habits influence this composition. Mothers with a healthy BMI tend to have a microbiota more beneficial to the baby, while maternal obesity is associated with lower bacterial diversity. Additionally, exclusive breastfeeding promotes the presence of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. These findings highlight the importance of considering maternal factors when promoting infant health through breastfeeding.
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