Gramado natural vs. gramado sintético no futebol: revisão sistemática sobre demandas físicas, fadiga e risco de lesão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n4-106Keywords:
fadiga, futebol, gramado sintético, gramado natural, lesõesAbstract
Introdução: A substituição de gramados naturais por superfícies sintéticas no futebol tem gerado debates sobre suas implicações no desempenho atlético e na incidência de lesões. Objetivo: Avaliar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, as diferenças entre grama natural (GN) e grama sintética (GS) quanto à demanda física, padrões biomecânicos e taxa de lesões em jogadores de futebol. Métodos: Esta revisão seguiu as diretrizes PRISMA. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases PubMed, SciELO e Google Scholar até 2025, incluindo estudos com nível de evidência 1 a 3 que compararam GN e GS em contextos esportivos. Dados sobre desempenho, esforço físico, fadiga e lesões foram extraídos e analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: Vinte e seis estudos foram incluídos. Evidências indicam que superfícies sintéticas apresentam maior rigidez e coeficiente de atrito, o que pode aumentar a sobrecarga musculoesquelética, especialmente em atletas de alto rendimento. Embora a incidência total de lesões não tenha apresentado diferenças consistentes, a grama sintética foi associada a maior prevalência de lesões por sobrecarga, desconforto articular e risco aumentado de lesões ligamentares em jogadoras. Conclusão: O tipo de gramado influencia significativamente a interação atleta-superfície, afetando o risco de lesões e a exigência física. A adaptação ao uso da grama sintética pode minimizar parte dos efeitos negativos, mas mais estudos controlados e padronizados são necessários para orientar decisões na escolha da superfície de jogo.
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