Potencial dos biomarcadores salivares para o diagnóstico de doenças neurodegenerativas: uma revisão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n4-005Keywords:
saliva, biomarcadores, doença neurodegenerativaAbstract
INTRODUÇÃO: Tem sido recorrente e necessária a identificação de novos biomarcadores para aprimorar o diagnóstico, fornecer prognósticos precisos e monitorar o progresso de doenças neurodegenerativas (DND). Nesse sentido, a análise de componentes salivares vem recebendo destaque como um campo de pesquisa promissor na detecção de biomarcadores que permitam diagnosticar precocemente e monitorar essas patologias, levando a tratamentos mais adequados. OBJETIVO: Apurar, através de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, a variação nos índices de componentes da saliva, utilizados então como biomarcadores, em indivíduos com DND e apresentar a viabilidade do desenvolvimento de testes diagnósticos alternativos utilizando a saliva. METODOLOGIA: Os artigos foram obtidos dos bancos de dados PubMed, Scielo e Science Direct publicados entre 2001 a 2025, nos idiomas português e inglês, e que apresentavam relação direta ao tema. “Doenças neurodegenerativas”, “biomarcadores” e “saliva” foram utilizados como descritores. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Com base na análise de 56 artigos científicos, foi observado que a saliva é um biofluido variável de acordo com o estado de saúde dos pacientes e que os biomarcadores presentes nesse fluido possuem alterações consideráveis para uma diversidade de DND, assim como variações durante diferentes fases progressivas dessas enfermidades, embora não haja um consenso na área da saúde para valores adequados de biomarcadores, em razão da atualidade do tema. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados desta revisão destacam que componentes da saliva parecem ser candidatos valiosos para aplicação como biomarcadores no diagnóstico precoce e nos estágios mais avançados de DND.
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