Potenciais e limites do uso de estatinas em gestantes: evidências pré-clínicas e clínicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n4-002Keywords:
estatinas, gestação, pré-eclâmpsia, pravastatina, rosuvastatinaAbstract
A pré-eclâmpsia é uma complicação gestacional grave, associada a elevada morbimortalidade materno-fetal, cuja fisiopatologia envolve disfunção endotelial, estresse oxidativo, inflamação e desequilíbrio angiogênico. Diante da escassez de terapias eficazes, especialmente para as formas graves e de início precoce, crescem o interesse e a investigação de estratégias farmacológicas que atuem sobre esses mecanismos. Entre elas, destacam-se as estatinas, tradicionalmente empregadas no tratamento da dislipidemia, mas que também apresentam propriedades anti-inflamatórias, antioxidantes e pró-angiogênicas, com potencial aplicação no manejo da pré-eclâmpsia. Este estudo teve como objetivo revisar a literatura quanto à segurança do uso de estatinas na gestação. Em modelos animais, a pravastatina demonstrou efeitos benéficos, como redução da pressão arterial, melhora da função endotelial, restauração do equilíbrio angiogênico e prevenção de lesões renais e placentárias, além de apresentar um perfil de segurança aceitável. Em contrapartida, a rosuvastatina mostrou resultados mais inconsistentes, com potenciais efeitos adversos sobre o sistema reprodutor e o neurodesenvolvimento fetal. Estudos clínicos em humanos também indicam benefícios da pravastatina, como redução da incidência de pré-eclâmpsia e de parto prematuro, melhora dos desfechos neonatais e baixo risco de eventos adversos. Conclui-se que, embora ainda haja dúvidas sobre o uso de estatinas durante a gestação, a pravastatina desponta como uma alternativa terapêutica promissora em gestantes com alto risco para pré-eclâmpsia, sendo recomendados mais estudos para confirmar sua segurança.
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