Use of plant extracts against rapidly growing mycobacteria: a review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n3-260Keywords:
natural products, antibacterials, mycobacteria, drug resistanceAbstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria comprise a diverse group of environmental microorganisms, among which Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria (RGM) have stood out for their ability to cause opportunistic infections, especially following invasive procedures. The increasing resistance of these species to conventional antimicrobials, combined with their capacity to form biofilms, underscores the urgent need for new therapeutic alternatives. Among these, natural products have shown promise, particularly plant extracts, due to their phytochemical complexity and potential synergistic action. Accordingly, this study aims to conduct a review of the scientific literature on plant extracts evaluated in vitro against RGM species. The search in PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases resulted in 35 articles, of which 11 met the eligibility criteria. Notably, the genus Searsia was the most frequently cited; South Africa was the country with the highest number of plant collections; and leaves were the most commonly used plant part. Acetone was the most employed solvent, and Mycolicibacterium fortuitum was the most frequently tested species. The results indicated a significant variety of plants with antimycobacterial potential, reinforcing the importance of biodiversity as a source of bioactive compounds. Although preliminary, the findings of this review lay a foundation for further, more in-depth investigations into the use of plant extracts in controlling RGM infections.
References
AFZAL, I. et al. Plant beneficial endophytic bacteria: Mechanisms, diversity, host range and genetic determinants. Microbiological Research, v. 221, n. 1, p. 36-49, 2019. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2019.02.001. Acesso em: 03 jan. 2025
ALVES, C.F.S. et al. Antimicrobial, antitrypanosomal and antibiofilm activity of Equisetum hyemale. Microbial Pathogenesis, v. 101, p. 119-125, 2016. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2016.11.008. Acesso em: 03 jan. 2025.
ARANTES, V. P. et al. Brazilian Cerrado plants active against Mycobacterium fortuitum. Revista de Ciências Farmacêuticas Básica e Aplicada, v. 26, n. 3, p. 195-198, 2005. Disponível em: https://rcfba.fcfar.unesp.br/index.php/ojs/article/view/586/584. Acesso em: 04 jan. 2025.
AZMIR, J. et al. Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review. Journal of Food Engineering, v. 117, n. 1, p. 426-436, 2013. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.01.014. Acesso em: 04 jan. 2025.
BARROS, M.C. et al. Antioxidant activity and chemoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf infusion against methotrexate-induced damage in mice. Toxicology Reports, v. 14, n. 1, p. 102000, 2025. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.102000. Acesso em 12 abr. 2025.
BELEW, A.A. et al. Evaluation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid content and Antioxidant activity of Rhus vulgaris leaves extracts. Research Square, 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1207023/v1. Acesso em: 03 fev. 2025.
BRASIL. Governo do Estado de Minas Gerais. Secretaria de Estado de Saúde Diretoria de Vigilância em Serviços de Saúde. Nota Técnica nº 6/SES/SUBVS-SVS-DVSS/2024: Alerta Técnico – Surto de micobactéria de crescimento rápido em procedimentos estéticos. 2024. Disponivel em: https://www.ameci.org.br/post/alerta-t%C3%A9cnico-surto-de-micobact%C3%A9ria-de-crescimento-r%C3%A1pido-em-procedimentos-est%C3%A9ticos . Acesso em: 03 fev. 2025.
BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Recomendações para o diagnóstico e tratamento das doenças causadas por Micobactérias Não-Tuberculosas no Brasil. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/aids/pt-br/central-de-conteudo/publicacoes/2021/recomendacoes-para-o-diagnostico-e-tratamento-das-doencas-causadas-por-micobacterias-nao-tuberculosas-no-brasil. Acesso em: 10 jan. 2025.
BROWN-ELLIOTT, B. A.; PHILLEY, J. V. Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria. Microbiology Spectrum, v. 5, n. 1, p. 1-19, 2017. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.tnmi7-0027-2016. Acesso em: 01 mar. 2025.
COCK, I.; MAVUSO, N.; VAN VUUREN, S. A Review of Plant-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Traditional Southern African Medicine. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, v. 2021, n. 1, p. 7341124, 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7341124. Acesso em: 02 mar. 2025.
DZOYEM, J.P. et al. Antimycobacterial activity against different pathogens and selectivity index of fourteen medicinal plants used in southern Africa to treat tuberculosis and respiratory ailments. South African Journal of Botany, v. 102, p. 70-74, 2016. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.08.002. Acesso em: 02 mar. 2025.
ELMARRKECHY, S. et al. Could Searsia pentaphylla be a source of new bioactive compounds? A bibliometric overview. Food Bioscience, v. 62, n. 1, p. 105349, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2024.105349. Acesso em: 06 mar. 2025.
ESTEBAN, J.; GARCÍA-COCA, M. Mycobacterium Biofilms. Frontiers in Microbiology, v. 8, n. 1, p. 2651, 2018. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02651. Acesso em: 06 mar. 2025.
FAGUNDES, N. C. A. et al. Etnobotânica de plantas medicinais utilizadas no distrito de Vista Alegre, Claro dos Poções – Minas Gerais. Revista Fitos, v. 11, n. 1, p. 62-80, 2017. Disponível em: https://docs.bvsalud.org/biblioref/2018/03/880351/355-2339-4-pb.pdf. Acesso em: 08 fev. 2025.
FORBES, B. A. Mycobacterial Taxonomy. Journal of clinical microbiology, v. 55, n. 2, p. 380-383, 2017. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01287-16. Acesso em: 25 fev. 2025.
GONÇALVES, A.P.A.A.; PEREIRA, P.S., GUERRA, M.S.B. Cymbopogon citratus: potencialização de antibióticos associados ao óleo essencial. Inifia - Revista Saúde em Foco, v. 1, n.1, p. 507-515, 2019.
HOCHFELLNER, C. et al. Antagonistic effects of indoloquinazoline alkaloids on antimycobacterial activity of evocarpine. Journal of Applied Microbiology, v. 118, n. 4, p. 864-872, 2015. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.12753. Acesso em: 24 fev. 2025.
JOHANSEN, M. D.; HERRMANN, J. L.; KREMER, L. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria and the rise of Mycobacterium abscessus. Nature Reviews Microbiology, v.18, n. 7, p. 392-407, 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-0331-1. Acesso em: 24 mai. 2025.
KABONGO-KAYOKA, P.N. et al. Antimycobacterial Activity and Low Cytotoxicity of Leaf Extracts of Some African Anacardiaceae Tree Species. Phytotherapy research: PTR, v. 30, n. 12, p. 2001-2011, 2016. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5706. Acesso em: 30 jan. 2025.
KIM, S.R. et al. Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Mycobacterium fortuitum Pulmonary Disease. Microbiology Spectrum, v. 11, n. 4, p. e0205123, 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02051-23. Acesso em: 17 abr. 2025.
LI, J. J. et al. Clinical and histopathological features of cutaneous nontuberculous mycobacterial infection: a review of 13 cases. Journal of cutaneous pathology, v. 44, n. 5, p. 433-443, 2017. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/cup.12903. Acesso em: 01 abr. 2025.
MAGALHÃES, C.S. et al. A Review of the Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of the Family Cleomaceae of Brazilian Origin. Journal of Herbal Medicine, v. 42, n. 1, p. 100814, 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100814. Acesso em: 20 mai. 2025.
MAREALLE, A.I. et al. Bioassay-guided isolation of antimycobacterial compounds from Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn root ethanolic extract. Phytomedicine Plus, v. 3, n. 1, p. 100406, 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2023.100406. Acesso em: 20 jan. 2025.
MAREALLE, A.I. et al. Safety evaluation and bioassay-guided isolation of antimycobacterial compounds from Morella salicifolia root ethanolic extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v. 296, n. 1, p. 115501, 2022. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115501. Acesso em: 27 jan. 2025.
MIR, M.A. et al. Antimycobacterial and Anticancer Properties of Myrtus communis Leaf Extract. Pharmaceuticals, v. 17, n. 7, p. 872, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17070872. Acesso em: 27 jan. 2025.
MUGAYI, L.C.; MUKANGANYAMA, S. Antimycobacterial and Antifungal Activities of Leaf Extracts From Trichilia emetica. Scientifica, v. 2024, n. 1, p. 8784390, 2024. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1155/sci5/8784390. Acesso em: 21 fev. 2025.
MWINGA, J. L. et al. An appraisal on the ethnobotany and antimicrobial activity of botanicals used for managing plant diseases in South Africa. Crop Protection, v. 174, n. 1, p. 106423, 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2023.106423. Acesso em: 13 abr. 2025.
OLIVEIRA, D.S. Nova metodologia para extração de compostos fenólicos de vinho tinto e avaliação da estabilidade dos extratos obtidos. 2014. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos – Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 2014.
PAN, S. Y. et al. New Perspectives on How to Discover Drugs from Herbal Medicines: CAM′s Outstanding Contribution to Modern Therapeutics. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, v. 2013, n. 1, p. 627375, 2013. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/627375. Acesso em: 05 abr. 2025.
PARASURAMAN, S. Herbal Drug Discovery: Challenges and Perspectives. Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, v. 16, n. 1, p. 63-68, 2018. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875692116666180419153313. Acesso em: 01 mai. 2025.
PEDRESCHI, R.; CISNEROS-ZEVALLOS, L. Antimutagenic and antioxidant properties of phenolic fractions from andean purple corn (Zea mays L.) Journal Agricultural Chemistry, v. 32, n. 3, p. 4557-4567, 2006. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0531050. Acesso em: 14 abr. 2025.
REIDEL, R.V.B. et al. Evolution of Volatile Emission in Rhus coriaria Organs During Different Stages of Growth and Evaluation of the Essential Oil Composition. Chemistry & Biodiversity, v. 14, n. 11, p. e1700270, 2017. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201700270. Acesso em: 26 abr. 2025.
SECOLI, S.R. Interações medicamentosas: fundamentos para a pratica clínica da enfermagem. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem, v. 35, n. 1, p. 28-34, 2001.
SEIDEL, V.; TAYLOR, P. W. In vitro activity of extracts and constituents of Pelagonium against rapidly growing mycobacteria. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, v. 23, n. 6, p. 613-619, 2004.
SÜNTAR, I. Importance of ethnopharmacological studies in drug discovery: role of medicinal plants. Phytochemistry Reviews, v. 19, n. 5, p. 1199-1209, 2020. Disponível em: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11101-019-09629-9. Acesso em: 26 abr. 2025.
TARABICHI, S. et al. 2022 American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Symposium: Periprosthetic Joint Infection. The Journal of Arthroplasty, v. 38, n. 7, p. S45-S49, 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2023.01.045. Acesso em: 13 mai. 2025.
VAN VUUREN, S.; HOLL, D. Antimicrobial natural product research: A review from a South African perspective for the years 2009–2016. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v. 208, n. 1, p. 236-252, 2017. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.011. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2025.
VIANA, J.L. et al. Hydroalcoholic Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Bixa orellana Leaves Decrease the Inflammatory Response to Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, v. 2018, n. 1, p. 6091934, 2018. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6091934. Acesso em 05 jan. 2025.
