Human pigmentation and diversity: an interdisciplinary look at genetics and evolution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n3-220Keywords:
skin color, genetics, human evolution, albinism, public healthAbstract
Human skin color is a phenotypic characteristic influenced by genetic and environmental factors, resulting in wide variation among different population groups. This work reviews genetic, evolutionary and historical aspects related to skin pigmentation, addressing the molecular mechanisms of melanogenesis, the diversity of phenotypes and the evolutionary origin of pigmentary variation. It also considers the relevance of genomic studies in understanding associated diseases, such as oculocutaneous albinism, with emphasis on its prevalence in Afro-descendant populations, especially in Bahia. The aim is to analyze, based on recent scientific evidence, the role of melanin in the origin of pigmentation disorders, such as albinism, and discuss its implications in human evolutionary history. The study also aims to understand the genetic and epidemiological factors related to skin color variation and the impacts on public health. The review proposes an interdisciplinary approach to skin pigmentation as a public health issue, considering the clinical, ethical and social aspects of genetic counseling.
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