Komplikasi Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2: bukti saat ini dari studi meta-analisis

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized as a chronic disease associated with disturbances in cellular energy metabolism, especially glucose, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia. In summary, its pathophysiology ranges from insulin insufficiency/absence to cellular resistance and a lack of interaction with this hormone. It is a chronic metabolic pathology with a global distribution that interacts with genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. The patient's clinical course tends to be unfavorable, causing microvascular, macrovascular, and systemic complications of varying severity and incidence, compromising quality of life and the performance of daily activities. Thus, DM is established as a public health problem in all health systems worldwide due to its high rates of comorbidity and mortality among those affected. It also incurs high management costs for medical treatment institutions. Faced with the challenges of DM, especially with regard to the management and prevention of its complications, this study provides an objective, clear, and current review of the state of the art on Diabetes Mellitus, specifically type 2, with the objective of categorizing and presenting the clinical and laboratory findings, as well as the management and prevention of complications of the disease. From this starting point, a mixed (qualiquantitative) methodology, exploratory and descriptive, was chosen, aimed at tracking, presenting, and discussing the main references in this thematic area through meta-analysis. The results of this research are presented throughout this work and have significant potential to aid in the targeted and focused study of the complications of the disease, as well as to support management and interventions for patients, health systems, and the medical and scientific community.