Intervención breve cognitivo-conductual para reducir la ansiedad pre quirúrgica en pacientes programados para colecistectomía
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n2-396Keywords:
ansiedad, terapia cognitivo conductual, cirugía, autoinstrucciones, psicoeducaciónAbstract
En el ámbito medico hospitalario una de las reacciones psicológicas más comunes es la ansiedad, algunos de los factores más comunes asociados a ésta, es el procedimiento quirúrgico, destacando, el diagnóstico y noticia de intervención quirúrgica, la falta de información por parte del paciente, la aplicación de la anestesia y la cirugía per sé. En las revisiones sistemáticas relacionadas con la intervención psicológica para reducir la ansiedad pre quirúrgica se destaca la atención multicomponente de corte cognitivo-conductual. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los efectos de un entrenamiento cognitivo-conductual multicomponente (psicoeducación, relajación y autoinstrucciones) sobre las respuestas de ansiedad pre quirúrgica. Participaron tres pacientes programados para cirugía de colecistectomía y que presentaban niveles altos de ansiedad. Se llevó a cabo una entrevista conductual breve, se emplearon los siguientes instrumentos para medir la ansiedad la Escala Ámsterdam de Ansiedad Preoperatoria e Información (APAIS), la checklist de Ansiedad Preoperatoria, Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo Estado (IDARE), Escala Numérica Análoga (ENA), como dato fisiológico se midió la tasa cardiaca. Se llevaron a cabo sesiones individualizadas de manera secuencial de psicoeducación, entrenamiento en relación con través de respiración rítmica y autoinstrucciones. Los resultados demostraron una reducción en los niveles de ansiedad, pre quirúrgica en las medidas recolectadas. El caso más notorio fue en la escala numérica analógica, la cual arrojó una reducción evidente en medida en que fue introducida la respiración rítmica y las autoinstrucciones. Los resultados se discuten en términos de las implicaciones de la intervención en el tratamiento de la ansiedad preoperatoria.
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