The influence of genetics on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the pediatric population: a scope review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n2-088Keywords:
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, geneticsAbstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as a spectrum of liver changes ranging from the presence of fat deposits and non-alcoholic fatty liver steatosis to the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Among the factors involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, studies have demonstrated an important role of genetics. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the influence of genetics on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the pediatric population. METHODS: This work is a scoping review whose question was developed by the PICO strategy: “What is the influence of genetics on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the pediatric population?”. The research followed the PRISMA checklist and was registered in Open Science Frameworks. 1,179 articles were found. After selection by reading titles, 237 articles remained for abstract reading, 12 duplicates were excluded and 146 were selected for full text reading. After reading in full, 16 articles make up the final sample. RESULTS: Of the 16 articles in the final sample, 14 dealt with polymorphisms and predisposing genes for NAFLD, while 4 involved protective genes and polymorphisms. 7 studies involved patients with NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasound, 7 involved patients with NAFLD diagnosed by biopsy, and 2 involved patients with NAFLD diagnosed by MRI. DISCUSSION: The main predisposing genes found were PNPLA3 and TM6SF2, both acting on higher levels of fat and liver inflammation. Regarding protective genes, the main ones were MnSOD-T/C, COMBINATION IL-6-CG/ANRIL-G and IL-6-CC/ANRIL-CC, HSD17B13A and LPIN1. CONCLUSION: Most studies cite polymorphisms predisposing to the development of the disease; however, there are polymorphisms that showed protection against the disease. Many polymorphisms cited in the study, however, were only mentioned in one article, which is a weak point and an incentive for further investigations.
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