Psilocibina e LSD no tratamento da depressão: eficácia terapêutica, modulação neurobiológica e desafios clínicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv8n2-048Keywords:
Transtorno Depressivo Maior (TDM), Psilocibina, LSD, terapias psicodélicas, eficácia e segurançaAbstract
Introdução: O transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) afeta milhões globalmente, e a busca por alternativas terapêuticas eficazes é urgente, especialmente para casos refratários. Neste contexto, substâncias psicodélicas, como LSD e psilocibina, surgem como alternativas promissoras. Objetivos: Investigar o uso do LSD e da psilocibina como alternativas terapêuticas para o tratamento do TDM, com enfoque na eficácia e segurança. Métodos: Revisão integrativa baseada em buscas sistemáticas nas bases PubMed, BVS, LILACS, CAPES e Scielo, incluindo apenas estudos originais publicados em inglês entre 2018 e 2024. Resultados e Discussão: A psilocibina (10-30 mg, via oral), tem mostrado benefícios terapêuticos significativos em pacientes com depressão, com efeitos antidepressivos sustentados por até 12 meses, sendo os efeitos adversos leves, como cefaleia e náusea. Já o LSD (25-200 µg, via oral), também tem mostrado eficácia em tratamentos psicoterápicos, mas com um perfil de efeitos adversos mais variado, incluindo episódios de ansiedade aguda, delírios e alterações perceptivas intensas. Conclusão: Enquanto o LSD apresenta resultados terapêuticos menos consistentes e maior risco de efeitos adversos, a psilocibina, combinada com psicoterapia, tem grande potencial terapêutico no transtorno depressivo resistente ao tratamento convencional, com eficácia sustentada e efeitos adversos majoritariamente leves e transitórios.
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