Formulation and evaluation of anti-arthritic potential of ointment based on flavonoids and tannins of Aristolochia longa against induced arthritis model in Wistar rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv7n9-465Keywords:
Aristolochia longa, flavonoids, tannins, ointments, rheumatoid arthritisAbstract
Aristolochia longa, belonging to the Aristolochiaceae family, helps treatvarious diseases such as cancer, abdominal pain and upper respiratory tract infections. The present work aims to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of ointments based on the flavonoids and tannins of Aristolochia longa. The acute dermal toxicity has been evaluated using Wistar rats. Then, the formulated ointments were considered for physicochemical parameters and microbiological analysis. The stability study was conducted at 4°C, 25°C and 37°C during 28 days. However, the skin tolerance test of ointments was performed by measuring the primary irritation index. In vivo, the anti-arthritic potential of the formulations was evaluated by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis method. The degree of inflammation and anti-arthritic effects were assessed by radiological and histological analysis of knee joints. The results revealed that the Lethal dose 50 (LD50) was more significant than 5000 mg/kg. The microbiological and physicochemical parameters of formulations were found to be satisfactory.The stability testshowed a stable homogenous appearance, and no pathogens were revealed. At the same time, the microbial parameters were discarded on the 28th day of exposure. The skin irritant effect indicated that the prepared formulations were safe. The radiological profile and histological analysis showed an anti-inflammatory effect in the treated group by F1 and F2 formulations, reducing infiltration cellular, pannus formation and bone erosion. Leaves and roots of A. longa can be used as plant remedies for Rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory diseases.
References
AIYALU, R., GOVINDARJAN, A., RAMASAMY, A. Formulation and evaluation of topical herbal gel for the treatment of arthritis in animal model.Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,v.52n.3,p.493-507, 2016.
AMRI. O., ZEKHNINI. A., BOUHAIMI. A., TAHROUCH. S., HATIMI A.Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract from Pistacia atlanticaDesf. leaves. Pharmacognosy Journal,v.10n.1,p.71-76, 2018.
ATTOU, S., MAIZI, Y., BELMIMOUN, A., SIDE LARBI, K., MEDDAH, B., TIR TOUIL, A. Determination of antioxidant activity and tannin content from Aristolochia longa leaves and roots using liquid-liquid fractionation method. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology,; v.12, n.5, p. 716-724, 2022.
ATTOU, S., MEDDAH, B., TIR TOUIL MEDDAH, A., MOKHTAR, M., SONNET, P. Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Algerian Aristolochia longa Flavonoids. Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports, v.7, n.3, p.166-171, 2020.
BELKHODJA, H., MEDDAH, B., MEDDAH, TIR TOUIL, A., GEZICI, S.Acute toxicity and skin tolerance activity of the essential oils from Rosmarinus officinalis and Populus alba. Advance Pharmaceutical Journal,v.2, n.1, p. 41-45, 2017.
BENARBA, B., PANDIELLA, A., ELMALLAH,A.Anticancer activity, phytochemical screening and acute toxicity evaluation of an aqueous extract of Aristolochia longa L. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research,v.6, n.1, p. 20-26, 2016.
BIYITI, LF., TAMZE, V., NNANGA, N., AGBOR, G., GANGOUE-PIEBOJI, J. Formulation of an antibacterial ointment based on an ethanolic extract of the bark of the trunk of Tabernaemontana crassa Benth.Pharmacopoeia and traditional African medicine, n.6,p.1-15, 2012
BOUKHATEM, M. N., HAMAIDI, M. S., SAIDI, F., HAKIMY BENOMIER, K. Extraction, composition and valorization of aromatic water from rose geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) in dermopharmacy.Natureand Technology Review, n.2, p. 59 -64,2010.
BOUKHIRA, S., BALOUIRI, M., EL MANSOURI, L., EL HAMSAS, E- Y.A., BOUARFA, M. Development of natural preservative from Silene vulgarisextract in topical formulation under a challenge test and its stability study. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, v.7, n.4, p. 142-148,2017.
CHOUDHARY, M., KUMAR, V., KUMAR, G. P., SINGH, S. Anti-arthritic activity of Barleriaprionitis Linn leaves in acute and chronic models in Sprague Dawley rats. Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, n.52, p. 199–209,2014.
DALLY, L., COULIBALY, S., ANGNIMEL, LH., BAMBA, M. Formulation, galenic, toxicological control and biogalenic test of a cream with healing activity based on fresh leaves of Baphia nitida (Papilionaceae). Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences,v.8, n.1, p.33-40,2007.
DHOUIOUIA, M., BOULILA, A, CHAABANE, H., ZINA, M. S., CASABIANCA, H. Seasonal changes in essential oil composition of Aristolochia longaL.ssp. paucinervis Batt. (Aristolochiaceae) roots and its antimicrobial activity. Industrial Crops and Products, n.83, p. 301–306, 2016.
DJERIDANE, A., YOUSFI, M., BRUNEL, J.M., STOCKER, P.Isolation and characterization of a new steroid derivative as a powerful antioxidant from Cleome arabica in screening the in vitro antioxidant capacity of 18 Algerian medicinal plants. Food and Chemical Toxicology, n. 48, p.599–606, 2010.
DJUICHOU, N.S.F., GONZAL, T.ERIC., MBIANTCHA, M., GILBERT, A., DONATIEN, A.A., YOUSSEU, N. W., MATAH, M.M.V., FLORE, A.C. In Vitro anti-inflammatory and in vivo antiarthritic activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Dissotis thollonii Cogn. (Melastomataceae) in Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, n.3612481, p. 1-17, 2019.
EL OMARI, N.,SAYAH, K., FETTACH, S., EL BLIDI, O., BOUYAHYA, A., FAOUZI, M. E-., KAMAL, R., BARKIYOU, M.Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Aristolochia longaextracts. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,n.31061671,2019.
EYANG -ESSENG, M. Study of phytochemistry and antibacterial and antifungal activities of five medicinal plants used in the traditional treatment of dermatoses in Mali.2007.Doctor of Medicine Thesis. University of Bamako, Mali. 2007.
GOUNOUE, K. R., NOUKEU, K. B. A., TSAKEM, N.M.J, YOUMSI, F. D., NGUEGUIM, T. F., DZEUFIET, D.P.D., DIMO, T., PENLAP, B.V..Anti-inflammatory potential of Tapinanthus globiferus (Loranthaceae) leaves as an alternative treatment against arthritis. The Journal of Phytopharmacology,v.8, n.3, p. 96-103, 2019.
HUSSAIN, A., ASLAM, B., MUHAMMAD, F., NAEEM, F.M., KOUSAR, S., MUSHTAQ, A., USMAN, B. M.Anti-arthritic activity of Ricinus communis L. and Withaniasomnifera L. extracts in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats via modulating inflammatory mediators and subsiding oxidative stress. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, v.24, n.7, p.951-961,2021.
KARNATI, M., CHANDRA, R.H., VEERESHAM, C., KISHAN, B. Anti‑arthritic activity of root bark of Oroxylum indicum (L.) vent against adjuvant‑induced arthritis. Pharmacognosy Research,v.5, n.2, p.121-128,2013.
MBIANTCHA, M., ALMAS, J., SHABANA, S. U., NIDA, D., AISHA, F. Anti-arthritic property of crude extracts of Piptadeniastrumafricanum (Mimosaceae) in complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, n.17, p.1-16, 2017.
MEKONNEN, A., TESFAYE, S., CHRISTOS, S.G., DIRES, K., ZENEBE, T., ZEGEYE, N., SHIFERAW, Y., LULEKAL, E. Evaluation of skin irritation and acute and subacute oral toxicity of Lavandula angustifoliaessential oils in rabbit and mice.Journal of Toxicology, n.5979546, p.1-8, 2019.
MEROUANI, N., BELHATTAB, R., SAHLI, F. Evaluation of the biological activity of Aristolochia longa L. extracts. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, v. 8, n.5, p.1978-1992,2017.
NANDHAGOPAL, K.,KANNIYAKUMARI, M.Effect of Rasa mezhugu on freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, v.8, n.4, p. 80-85,2016.
NUNES, C.D.R., ARANTES, M.B., PEREIRIA, C.M.C.F.,CRUZ, L.L.D. Plants as Sources of Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Molecules,v.25, n.16, p. 3726,2020.
OCDE (402). OECD Guidelines for Testing Chemicals. Acute skin toxicity. Methods by acute toxicity class. 1987:1-8.
PATEL MADHAVI, G., PUNDARIKAKSHUDU,K.Anti-arthritic activity of a classical Ayurvedic formulation VatariGuggulu in rats. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine,n.6, p. 389-394,2016.
PETCHI, R.R., VIJAYA, C., PARASURAMAN, S.Anti arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of Tridax procumbens (Linn.) in Sprague Dawley rats. Pharmacognosy Research,v.5, n.2, p.113–117, 2013.
EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA., Semi-solid preparations for skin application. 2014. 8th edition. P. 870-872: s.n., 01/2014.
SHARIFIFARA, F., KHAZAELIA, P., ALLIBA, N. In Vivo Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Activity of TopicalPreparations from Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecumL.)Seeds in a Cream Base.Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, v.5, n.3, p. 157-162, 2009.
SRINIVASA, R.J.,PRASANTHI, D., GOURISHETTI, K., MISRA, C. S., RAO POLU, P. Terminalia tomentosa Bark Ameliorates Inflammation and Arthritis in Carrageenan Induced Inflammatory Model and Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Model in Rats. Journal of Toxicology, v. 2019, n. 7898914, p.11,2019.
TONG, Z., HE, W., FAN, X., GUO, A.Biological Function of Plant Tannin and Its Application in Animal Health. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, v.8, n.803657,2021.
WADEKAR, J. B., SAWANT, R. L., PATEL, U.B.Rheumatoid arthritis and herbal drugs: A review. The Journal of Phytopharmacology,v.4, n.6, p. 311-318,2015.
