O impacto climático sobre a formação, manifestação clínica e terapêutica de cálculos urinários
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv7n9-409Keywords:
cálculos urinários, clima, estações do ano, mudança climática, temperatura ambiente, urolitíaseAbstract
Introdução: A nefrolitíase é uma afecção urológica com incidência significativa em todo o mundo. Nos Estados Unidos, estima-se que 7% das mulheres e 13% dos homens irão desenvolver cálculos sintomáticos em algum momento da vida. Por sua importância epidemiológica diversos pesquisadores empenharam-se em descobrir os mecanismos envolvidos com a formação de cálculos urinários. Atualmente sabe-se que a supersaturação urinária é o principal evento físico para que essa formação ocorra e é influenciada por variados fatores, dentre os quais destaca-se o clima. Objetivo: Analisar por meio de revisão da literatura a influência de variáveis meteorológicas sobre a formação, manifestação clínica e a terapêutica da litíase urinária. Método: Revisão da literatura, realizada mediante a consulta de artigos publicados em inglês, espanhol e francês em plataformas de banco de dados (Scielo, PubMed e Medline). Resultado: Foram encontrados e incluídos 61 artigos correlacionando variáveis climáticas com urolitíase. Esses artigos foram divididos, de acordo com os parâmetros avaliados, em três grupos: (1) os que analisavam a concentração e composição da urina; (2) os que avaliavam a incidência de cólica renal; e (3) estudos que abordavam o número de procedimentos terapêuticos realizados. A maior parte dos estudos apresentou uma relação positiva entre elevação da temperatura e irradiação solar com a formação, manifestação e consequente terapêutica de cálculos urinários. Conclusão: Há uma importante interação entre o ambiente e o organismo. Dessa forma, variáveis ambientais podem predispor a ocorrência de urolitíase.
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