Fatores de risco e formas de prevenção associados à morte súbita do lactente: uma revisão de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv7n9-160Keywords:
morte súbita do lactente, morte infantil súbita, prevençãoAbstract
Introdução: A síndrome da morte súbita do lactente (SMSL) configura-se como o óbito de lactentes de até um ano de idade sem uma razão aparente, sendo a principal causa de morte em crianças menores de um ano nos Estados Unidos. No Brasil, a SMSL permanece subdiagnosticada, dada a ausência de estatísticas oficiais e estudos epidemiológicos limitados. Objetivos: Objetiva-se, com o presente estudo, difundir os fatores de risco e as formas de prevenção da SMSL, a fim de se reduzir possíveis óbitos na primeira infância. Metodologia: Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura, com a pergunta norteadora: “Quais são os fatores de risco e as formas de prevenção da morte súbita do lactente?”. Utilizaram-se os descritores (Morte súbita do lactente) ou (Morte infantil súbita) e (prevenção) para pesquisas bibliográficas nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e Cochrane Library. Incluíram-se estudos realizados nos últimos cinco anos, nos idiomas inglês e português. Resultados e discussão: Foram selecionados 17 estudos, dentre os 215 resultantes da pesquisa inicial. Constatou-se que os fatores de risco associados à SMSL são evitáveis, mediante posicionamento adequado do lactente em superfície firme, no mesmo quarto dos responsáveis, sem haver cama compartilhada. Ademais, mostraram-se benéficos o aleitamento materno e a abolição do uso de álcool e tabaco. Entretanto, notou-se uma falta de conhecimento dos responsáveis sobre a prevenção do evento. Conclusão: Conclui-se que são necessários mais estudos no Brasil, bem como a difusão de estratégias de prevenção e conscientização entre cuidadores acerca da SMSL.
References
BIONDO, B. et al. Delayed neuronal maturation of the medullary arcuate nucleus in sudden infant death syndrome. Acta neuropathologica, v. 106, n. 6, p. 545–551, 2003.
CARPENTER, R. G. et al. Sudden unexplained infant death in 20 regions in Europe: case control study. Lancet, v. 363, n. 9404, p. 185–191, 2004.
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC). Sudden infant death syndrome--United States, 1983-1994. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, v. 45, n. 40, p. 859–863, 1996.
Changing concepts of sudden infant death syndrome: implications for infant sleeping environment and sleep position. American Academy of Pediatrics. Task Force on Infant Sleep Position and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Pediatrics, v. 105, n. 3 Pt 1, p. 650–656, 2000.
CUMMINGS, K. J.; LEITER, J. C. Take a deep breath and wake up: The protean role of serotonin preventing sudden death in infancy. Experimental neurology, v. 326, p. 113165, 2019.
DUNCAN, J. R. et al. Brainstem serotonergic deficiency in sudden infant death syndrome. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association, v. 303, n. 5, p. 430–437, 2010.
FERNANDES, S. C. et al. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: What healthcare professionals and parents know about how to prevent it in Portugal. The Yale journal of biology and medicine, v. 93, n. 4, p. 475–485, 2020.
GRUNEWALD, S. T. F. Síndrome da morte súbita do lactente: evidências científicas que baseiam as recomendações atuais. HU rev, v. 49, p. 1-6, 2023.
HIGGINS, S. T.; SLADE, E. P.; SHEPARD, D. S. Decreasing smoking during pregnancy: Potential economic benefit of reducing sudden unexpected infant death. Preventive medicine, v. 140, p. 106238, 2020.
HOFFMAN, H. J. et al. Risk factors for SIDS. Results of the national institute of child health and human development SIDS cooperative epidemiological study. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v. 533, p. 13–30, 1988.
HORNE, R. S.; HARREWIJN, I.; HUNT, C. E. Physiology during sleep in preterm infants: Implications for increased risk for the sudden infant death syndrome. Sleep medicine reviews, v. 78, p. 101990, 2024.
IYASU, S. et al. Risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome among northern plains Indians. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association, v. 288, n. 21, p. 2717–2723, 2002.
JACQUES, N. et al. Prenatal and postnatal maternal depression and infant hospitalization and mortality in the first year of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders, v. 243, p. 201–208, 2019.
JULLIEN, S. Sudden infant death syndrome prevention. BMC pediatrics, v. 21, n. Suppl 1, p. 320, 2021.
KANITS, F. et al. Risk and preventive factors for SUDI: Need we adjust the current prevention advice in a low-incidence country. Frontiers in pediatrics, v. 9, p. 758048, 2021.
LANDA-RIVERA, J. L. et al. Population-based survey showing that breastfed babies have a lower frequency of risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome than nonbreastfed babies. Breastfeeding medicine: the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, v. 17, n. 2, p. 182–188, 2021.
LI, D.-K. et al. Infant sleeping position and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome in California, 1997-2000. American journal of epidemiology, v. 157, n. 5, p. 446–455, 2003.
LI R, WARE J, CHEN A, NELSON JM, KMET JM, PARKS SE, MORROW AL, CHEN J, PERRINE CG. Breastfeeding and Post-perinatal Infant Deaths in the United States, A National Prospective Cohort Analysis. Lancet Reg Health Am., 2021.
MACHAALANI, R.; SAY, M.; WATERS, K. A. Serotoninergic receptor 1A in the sudden infant death syndrome brainstem medulla and associations with clinical risk factors. Acta neuropathologica, v. 117, n. 3, p. 257–265, 2008.
MAURYA, R. K. et al. Evaluation of effect of orthodontic pacifiers in prevention of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A Finite Element Method and questionnaire based study. The journal of clinical pediatric dentistry, v. 45, n. 2, p. 74–82, 2021.
MCVEA, K. L.; TURNER, P. D.; PEPPLER, D. K. The role of breastfeeding in sudden infant death syndrome. Journal of human lactation: official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association, v. 16, n. 1, p. 13–20, 2000.
MOON, R. Y.; FU, L. Sudden infant death syndrome: an update. Pediatrics in review, v. 33, n. 7, p. 314–320, 2012.
NAZARUK, D. et al. Parental knowledge and perceptions on prevention of sudden unexpected infant death and infant care. Children (Basel, Switzerland), v. 10, n. 9, 2023.
OLIVEIRA, A. M. DE F. et al. Risk and protective factors for sudden infant death syndrome. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, v. 73, n. 2, p. e20190458, 2020.
OSTFELD, B. M. et al. Concurrent risks in sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics, v. 125, n. 3, p. 447–453, 2010.
PATERSON, D. S. et al. Multiple serotonergic brainstem abnormalities in sudden infant death syndrome. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association, v. 296, n. 17, p. 2124–2132, 2006.
PLATT, M. J. The epidemiology of sudden infant death syndrome. Archives of disease in childhood, v. 88, n. 1, p. 27–29, 2003.
PRYCE, J. W. et al. Tandem mass spectrometry findings at autopsy for detection of metabolic disease in infant deaths: postmortem changes and confounding factors. Journal of clinical pathology, v. 64, n. 11, p. 1005–1009, 2011.
PSAILA, K. et al. Infant pacifiers for reduction in risk of sudden infant death syndrome. The Cochrane library, v. 2017, n. 4, 2017.
RIGGINS, D. P.; ZHANG, H.; TRICK, W. E. Using social vulnerability indices to predict priority areas for prevention of sudden unexpected infant death in Cook County, IL: Cross-sectional study. JMIR public health and surveillance, v. 10, p. e48825, 2024.
ROEHLER, D. R.; BATRA, E. K.; QUINLAN, K. P. Comparing the risk of sudden unexpected infant death to common causes of childhood injury death. The journal of pediatrics, v. 212, p. 224- 227.e5, 2019.
SARQUELLA-BRUGADA, G. et al. Early identification of prolonged QT interval for prevention of sudden infant death. Frontiers in pediatrics, v. 9, p. 704580, 2021.
SAY, M.; MACHAALANI, R.; WATERS, K. A. Changes in serotoninergic receptors 1A and 2A in the piglet brainstem after intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (IHH) and nicotine. Brain research, v. 1152, p. 17–26, 2007.
SOUTO, A. M. et al. Knowledge about sudden infant death syndrome prevention among postpartum women in Southern Brazil, 2019: a cross-sectional survey. Epidemiologia e serviços de saúde: revista do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil, v. 33, p. e2023622, 2024.
SOUZA, M. T. DE; SILVA, M. D. DA; CARVALHO, R. DE. Integrative review: what is it? How to do it? Einstein (São Paulo, Brazil), v. 8, n. 1, p. 102–106, 2010.
SUBRAMONIAN, A.; FEATHERSTONE, R. Interventions for the prevention of sudden Infant Death Syndrome and sudden unexplained death in infancy: A review of guidelines. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, 2020.
VINCENT, A. et al. Sudden Infant Death syndrome: Risk factors and newer risk reduction strategies. Cureus, v. 15, n. 6, p. e40572, 2023.
WOIDA, F. M. et al. Sudden infant death syndrome in Brazil: fact or fancy? São Paulo Medical Journal, v. 126, n. 1, p. 48–51, 2008.
