Intervenções de enfermagem não farmacológicas na prevenção e gestão da agitação na pessoa em situação crítica sob ventilação não-invasiva: uma revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv7n9-152Keywords:
ventilação não invasiva, enfermagem, pessoa em situação crítica, intervenções não farmacológicas, agitação psicomotoraAbstract
Introdução: A ventilação não invasiva (VNI) apresenta inúmeras vantagens e benefícios, no entanto as pessoas consideram frequentemente este suporte ventilatório como intolerável, estando o mesmo associado a sentimentos de stress, medo, ansiedade, claustrofobia e agitação, assim como desconforto, devido a razões como a pressão exercida pela interface, a secura das mucosas e a perceção de perda de controlo. Estes fatores podem comprometer a adesão ao tratamento, levando à rejeição do mesmo. Objetivo: Identificar quais as intervenções de enfermagem não farmacológicas implementadas na prevenção e gestão da agitação na pessoa em situação crítica sob ventilação não invasiva. Metodologia: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura (RIL) realizada nas bases de dados Clarivate, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Academic Research, Chocrane, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Pubmed, ScienceDirect e SCOPUS, tendo por base a pergunta de investigação: Quais as estratégias não farmacológicas de enfermagem, na prevenção e gestão da agitação da pessoa em situação crítica submetida a ventilação não invasiva? Após seleção dos estudos, um total de 8 artigos foram incluídos na análise. Resultados e discussão: A análise dos estudos revelou que a prevenção e a gestão da agitação na PSC sob VNI é um desafio constante para as equipas de enfermagem. Foi possível identificar a utilização de realidade virtual nos cuidados de saúde e a implementação de técnicas de relaxamento através da musicoterapia, da hipnose e da realização de massagens, como estratégias passíveis de serem aplicadas na prevenção e gestão da agitação na PSC sob VNI. Por outro lado, o contacto com a família e a adoção de uma comunicação eficaz por parte da equipa de enfermagem revelaram-se também aspetos pertinentes a incluir na prestação de cuidados a pessoas agitadas sob VNI em contexto de doença crítica. Considerações finais: Torna-se fundamental que as intervenções sejam adaptadas às necessidades e preferências individuais das pessoas, através de uma avaliação regular do estado emocional e físico da pessoa. A capacitação das equipas de enfermagem em relação às intervenções não farmacológicas é fundamental. A formação pode melhorar a compreensão das abordagens disponíveis e promover a sua implementação adequada.
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