Impactos dos eventos adversos da farmacoterapia no Transtorno do Espectro Autista
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv7n9-108Keywords:
Transtorno do Espectro Autista, efeitos colaterais, psicofármacosAbstract
Objetivo: Considerando identificar os principais fármacos utilizados no tratamento do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), as principais classes medicamentosas e os efeitos adversos da medicação excessiva. Métodos: Para tanto procede-se a metodologia, foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Medline, SciELO, BVS e PubMed pelas palavras-chave encontrados no DECS, que foram guiadas por critérios de busca, como artigos completos e disponíveis nos últimos 10 anos, em idiomas portugues, inglês e espanhol e critérios de exclusão são artigos publicados em outros idiomas, não disponíveis e que não abordam a temática diretamente. A revisão foi conduzida pelo fluxograma PRISMA. Resultados: Desse modo observa-se que a pesquisa final incluiu 22 artigos que abordaram os efeitos colaterais de diversos fármacos, como Risperidona, Aripiprazol e psicoestimulantes, sendo esses os principais: sonolência, lentidão cognitiva e insônia, além de efeitos que impactam na cognição. Considerações finais: O que permite concluir que os principais fármacos são eficazes para tratar alguns sintomas do TEA, mas deve-se colocar na balança os efeitos colaterais cognitivos diretos e indiretos (sonolência, insônia) e se faz necessário produzir mais pesquisas acerca das medicações off-label.
References
AL-HUSEINI, S. et al. Effectiveness and adverse effects of risperidone in children with autism spectrum disorder in a naturalistic clinical setting at a university hospital in Oman. Autism research and treatment, v. 2022, p. 2313851, 2022.
AMAN, M. et al. Tolerability, safety, and benefits of risperidone in children and adolescents with autism: 21-month follow-up after 8-week placebo-controlled trial. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, v. 25, n. 6, p. 482–493, 2015.
BAWEJA, R. et al. Sonmez FM. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2018.
CAMPRODON, E. El tempo cognitivo lento: Revisión de un constructo x. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, v. 18, p. 151–168, 2013.
CAVALHEIRO, E. K. F. Efeitos da obesidade sobre parâmetros neuroinflamatórios e neuroquímicos em modelo animal de doença de Parkinson induzido por reserpina. 2021
CHUGANI, D. C. et al. Autism Center of Excellence Network. Efficacy of Low-Dose Buspirone for Restricted and Repetitive Behavior in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Trial. [s.l.] Jornal de Pediatria, 2016.
DA SILVA, J.F. et al. Efficacy and tolerance profile of risperidone use in people with autism spectrum disorder in a clinic in Santarém, Pará, Brazil. A retrospective study. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, v, v. 14, n. 2, 2023.
DOS REIS ISAÍAS, J.M. Prevalência e etiologia de transtornos do espectro do autismo: o que mudou nos últimos cinco anos? 2019. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal.
GARCIA-DELGAR, B. et al. Activation in children and adolescents treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a weighty reason? Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2018.
GHANIZADEH, A.; ALIAKBAR; BERK, M. A head-to-head comparison of aripiprazole and risperidone for safety and treating autistic disorders: a randomized double blind clinical trial. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, v, v. 45, p. 185–192, 2014.
GHIRARDI, L. et al. Use of medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents with co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, v. 61, n. 2, p. 140–147, 2020.
GUNES, S. Modified-release methylphenidate-related trichotillomania in a boy with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, v. 27, n. 7, p. 675–676, 2017.
HERMANS, R. A. et al. Towards precision dosing of aripiprazole in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Linking blood levels to weight gain and effectiveness. British journal of clinical pharmacology, v. 89, n. 10, p. 3026–3036, 2023.
ICHIKAWA, H. An open-label extension long-term study of the safety and efficacy of aripiprazole for irritability in children and adolescents with autistic disorder in Japan. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences. p. 84–94, 2018
JAKOBSEN, K. D. et al. Neurological, metabolic, and psychiatric adverse events in children and adolescents treated with aripiprazole. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, v. 36, n. 5, p. 496–499, 2016.
JOSHI, G. et al. A prospective open-label trial of long-acting liquid methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in intellectually capable adults with autism spectrum disorder. The world journal of biological psychiatry: the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, v. 21, n. 4, p. 274–290, 2020.
KIDD, V. Risperidone-induced tardive dyskinesia in an autistic child. The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders, v. 20, n. 6, p. 27261, 2018.
KIM, H.-W. et al. Aripiprazole for irritability in Asian children and adolescents with autistic disorder: A 12-week, multinational, multicenter, prospective open-label study. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, v. 28, n. 6, p. 402–408, 2018.
KLOOSTERBOER, S. M. et al. Risperidone plasma concentrations are associated with side effects and effectiveness in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. British journal of clinical pharmacology, v. 87, n. 3, p. 1069–1081, 2021.
KUMAR, M.; MATTISON, R.; BAWEJA, R. Withdrawal-emergent dyskinesia after acute discontinuation of risperidone in a child with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, v. 38, n. 6, p. 640-642, 2018.
MCLENNAN, J. D. Deprescribing in a youth with an intellectual disability, autism, behavioural problems, and medication-related obesity: A case study. Journal de l’Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent [Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry], v. 28, n. 3, p. 141–146, 2019.
MICHAEL, G. et al. Atomoxetine, Parent Training, and Their Combination in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, v. 54, n. 11, p. 905–915, 2015.
NAGUY, A. Successful Use of Sertindole for Severe Behavioral Dyscontrol in a Pediatric Case of Syndromic Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, v. 27, n. 5, p. 471-472, 2017.
NARDI, A. DA SILVA, A.G.; QUEVEDO, J. Tratado de psiquiatria da Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria. Artmed Editora, 2021.
NETO, B. et al. Abordagem psicofarmacológica no transtorno do espectro autista: uma revisão narrativa. Cadernos de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento. 2019.
NIKVARZ, N. et al. Comparing efficacy and side effects of memantine vs. Risperidone in the treatment of autistic disorder. Pharmacopsychiatry, v. 50, n. 1, p. 19–25, 2017.
SANTOS-COELHO, F. Impacto da privação de sono sobre cérebro, comportamento e emoções. Medicina Interna de México, p. 17–19, 2020.
SOARES, C.; SIEBRA; DE ALMONDES, K. Sono e cognição: implicações da privação do sono para a percepção visual e visuoespacial. Psico. 2012
SOUSA, G.; BARRETO; FONSÊCA, V. V. L. Uso farmacológico no transtorno do espectro autista. 2021.
SOUZA, M. et al. Revisão integrativa: o que é e como fazer. Einstein (São Paulo), p. 102–106, 2010.
SUGIMOTO, Y. et al. Aripiprazole in the real-world treatment for irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents in Japan: 52-week post-marketing surveillance. BMC psychiatry, v. 21, n. 1, p. 204, 2021.
