Ganho de peso associado à infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e ao uso de medicamentos antirretrovirais: do nascimento à senitude
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv7n9-057Keywords:
HIV, antirretrovirais, ganho de peso, terapia antirretroviral, obesidadeAbstract
O tratamento da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) foi revolucionado pelo advento dos antirretrovirais, mudando a infecção de fatal para crônica. No entanto, o ganho de peso associado a esses medicamentos surge como um desafio complexo com implicações importantes para a saúde dos pacientes. Este artigo propõe uma revisão integrativa, analisando o fenômeno do ganho de peso associado ao HIV e ao uso de antirretrovirais em diferentes estágios da vida. A metodologia inclui uma revisão abrangente da literatura com foco no ganho de peso em indivíduos que utilizam antirretrovirais, desde o nascimento até a senilidade. A busca bibliográfica foi realizada em bases de dados, selecionando estudos que abrangem desde ensaios clínicos até dissertações sobre o tema. De 132 estudos selecionados primariamente, uma análise criteriosa foi realizada em 60 deles. Os resultados apontam para uma interação complexa de fatores genéticos, metabólicos e comportamentais no ganho de peso associado ao HIV, variando por faixa etária. Conclui-se que é crucial o desenvolvimento de diretrizes de tratamento personalizadas, enfatizando a prevenção e o manejo de complicações a longo prazo. Discutimos o impacto dos antirretrovirais e do HIV em comorbidades, incluindo doenças cardiovasculares, câncer e obesidade. Os dados indicam que tanto a patogênese do ganho de peso quanto as implicações do envelhecimento em indivíduos com HIV são áreas de estudo em constante evolução.
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