Efeito dos bloqueios regionais na analgesia multimodal em cirurgia cardíaca: uma revisão narrativa de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv7n9-009Keywords:
anestesia regional, anestesia cardíaca, bloqueio nervosoAbstract
Em virtude das técnicas de anestesia regional na forma de vários bloqueios ter ganhado atenção como um componente valioso da analgesia multimodal que melhora a qualidade da recuperação do paciente e, ao mesmo tempo, minimizar os danos da administração de opioides, o objetivo dessa revisão narrativa é sintetizar as evidências científicas recentes sobre os bloqueios regionais em cirurgia cardíaca como parte da analgesia multimodal no contexto do protocolo ERAS. Foi realizada uma busca no banco de dados PubMed, através dos seguintes termos de pesquisa em inglês “Regional blocking”; “Multimodal anestesia”; Cardiac surgery”, por meio da combinação dos operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR”. A pesquisa resultou na identificação de quatro bloqueios mais eficazes para controle de dor em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias cardíacas: Bloqueio do Plano Eretor da Espinha, Bloqueio do Peitoral I e II, Bloqueio do Plano Serrátil Anterior e Bloqueio Paraesternal. Dos quatro tipos de bloqueios levantados nesta revisão, observou-se que todos apresentam benefícios que vão desde menor pontuação na escala de dor, diminuição do consumo de opioides, redução do tempo em ventilação mecânica e, por conseguinte, da permanência na UTI, o que permite concluir que os bloqueios regionais em cirurgia cardíaca como parte da analgesia multimodal no contexto do protocolo ERAS são, em sua maioria, seguros, com pouco risco de complicações e grande eficácia.
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