Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade em pacientes com fenilcetonúria: revisão bibliográfica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv7n4-098Keywords:
fenilcetonúria, erro inato do metabolismo, transtornos neurodesenvolvimento, transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividadeAbstract
Caracterizada pela deficiência da enzima fenilalanina hidrolixase, a fenilcetonúria (PKU) apresenta-se com elevação sérica do aminoácido aromático fenilalanina (Phe) associado a prejuízo em formação de tirosina. Tanto o acúmulo de substrato quanto a falta do produto resultam em sintomas e sinais clínicos, principalmente relacionados ao desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor com atraso global, hipotonia, crises epilépticas quando não controlada de forma adequada. Além disso, nota-se elevada incidência de distúrbios neurocomportamentais em fenilcetonúricos, principalmente relacionados a condições de disfunção no córtex pré-frontal, como é o caso do transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade. Com finalidade de entendimento melhor sobre essas condições clínicas, realizado revisão bibliográfica da literatura atual para avaliar a associação entre TDAH e fenilcetonúricos, bem como suas incidências, entendimento de suas bases fisiopatológicas, sintomatológicas clínicas, tratamento e impactos gerais. Notou-se importante relação entre ambas, com aumento da prevalência de TDAH em pacientes com PKU. O controle dietético com manutenção dos níveis séricos de Phe em faixa terapêutica foi evidenciado como parte fundamental para melhores desempenhos neurocognitivos bem como redução importante em sintomas desatentos e hiperativos.
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