Smoking as a risk factor for Oral Cancer and 30 years of prevention campaigns in the state of Paraná, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv7n4-091Keywords:
tobacco, mouth neoplasms, cigarette smokingAbstract
Smoking continues to occupy a significant space in global and Brazilian charts as the main risk factor for mouth cancer. Objective: To bring to literature the experience of 30 years of health actions to prevent oral cancer in the state of Paraná. Method: From 1989 to 2018, health actions aimed at preventing oral cancer were carried out in the State of Paraná - Brazil. A systematic anamnesis together with the intra-oral clinical examination was carried out on individuals participating in the campaigns over 30 years of age. Everyone responded to a questionnaire with personal data and reports of risky habits, such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Results: 29,682 people were examined and 6,358 mouth lesions were detected in the evaluated population. Between 1989 and 2008, 21.3% of patients were smokers. In the following years, from 2009 to 2013, there was a slight increase in tobacco consumption, reaching 21.6%. From then on, there was an increase to 27.2% between 2014 and 2018. Conclusion: Oral cancer prevention campaigns are extremely important, as they help in the early diagnosis of malignant and potentially malignant lesions.
References
Krishnan, AR., Zheng, H., Kwok, JG., Qu, Y., Zou, AE., Korropati, A., et al. A comprehensive study of smoking-specific microRNA alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncology, 72 (2017) 56-64.
Sassi, LM., Dissenha, JL., Simette, RL., Stramandinoli, RT., Pedruzzi, PAG., Zanferrari, FL., et al. Prevenção em câncer bucal: 20 anos de campanha anti-tabaco no estado do Paraná, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, v.39, n° 3, p.184-186, 2010.
Instituto Nacional do Câncer – INCA. Disponível em: www.inca.gov.br/wcm/dncf/2013/o-que-e-narguile.asp
Jiang, X.; Wu, J.; Wang, J.; Huang, R. Tobacco and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A review of carcinogenic pathways. Tobacco Induces Deseases, 17:29; 2019.
Jhetwa, A. R.; Khariwala, S. S. Tobacco-related carcinogenesis in head and neck cancer. Cancer Metastasis Review, 36(3): 411-423; 2017.
Jègu, J., Foucard, FB., Borel, C., Velten, M. Trends over three decades of the risk of second primary cancer among patients with head and neck cancer. Oral Oncology, 49 (2013) 9-14.
Anantharamam, D., Marron, M., Lagiou, P., Samoli, P., Ahrens, W., Pohlabeln, H., et al. Population attributable risk of tobacco and alcohol for upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Oral Oncology, 47 (2011) 725-731.
Rock, LD., Rosin, MP., Zhang, L., Chan, B., Shariati, B., Laronde, DM. Characterization of epitelial oral dysplasia in non-smokers: First steps towards precision medicine. Oral Oncology, 78 (2018) 119-125.
Komolmalai, N.; Pongsiriwet, S.; Lertprasertsuke, N.; Lekwanavijit, S.; Kintarak, S.; et al. Human Papillomavirus 16 and 18 infection in oral câncer in Thailand: A multicenter study. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 21(11): 3349-3355; 2020.
Wang, G.; Ye, M.; Zheng, S.; Wu, K.; Geng, H.; et al. Cigarette smoke extract induces H19 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in smoking patients: Based on a chronic exposed cell model. Toxicology Letters, 62-70; 2020.
Batta, N.; Pandey, M. Mutation spectrum of Tobacco associated oral squamous carcinoma and its therapeutic significance. World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 198; 2019.
