Eficácia antimicrobiana e esporicida da radiação UV-C em materiais odontológicos e médicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv7n3-226Keywords:
radiação, ultravioleta, esterilização, endósporos bacterianos, bactériasAbstract
Infecções bacterianas por cepas multirresistentes aos antimicrobianos (MDR) causaram 4,95 milhões de mortes em 2019. Atualmente, ambientes comunitários, como consultórios e clínicas, enfrentam contaminações por MDR, oriundas da microbiota de profissionais de saúde e pacientes, que contaminam materiais de procedimento. Uma alternativa para a eliminação destes agentes patogênicos presentes na superfície destes materiais é a radiação UV-C. Os fótons transportados por ondas UV-C, que variam os comprimentos de onda entre 100 e 290 nanômetros, apresentam maior reatividade para ácidos nucléicos na ligação entre timinas e adeninas. Nesse estudo, avaliamos o efeito antimicrobiano de um modelo de caixa esterilizadora por luz UV-C da Plazadente®, a partir da exposição direta de luz UV-C com um sistema de ultrassom acoplado no equipamento, em materiais odontológicos contaminados. Superfícies de placas de Petri foram inoculadas com 1,5 x 106 unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) de Staphylococcus aureus e 1,5 x 104 UFC de endósporos de B. subtilis, submetidas a exposição direta de UV-C do equipamento durante 3 e 10 minutos. A eficácia antimicrobiana do sistema do equipamento também foi avaliada por um laboratório credenciado de análises microbiológicas em materiais odontológicos contaminadas com bactérias e leveduras. A população de todos os microrganismos testados incluindo os esporos bacterianos foram eliminados (redução de 99,9999%) após 5 minutos de exposição da luz UV-C. Neste estudo foi notado o potencial da luz UV-C com o sistema de ultrassom na esterilização de bactérias e fungos como solução para a contaminação de materiais.
References
ALFONSO-MUNIOZGUREN, P. et al. The role of ozone combined with UVC/H2O2 process for the tertiary treatment of a real slaughterhouse wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management, v. 289, p. 112480, jul. 2021.
BAUDET, A. et al. Microbiological contamination of the office environment in Dental and Medical Practice. Antibiotics, v. 10, n. 11, p. 1375, 10 nov. 2021.
BERETSOU, V. G. et al. A chemical, microbiological and (ECO)toxicological scheme to understand the efficiency of UV-C/H2O2 oxidation on antibiotic-related microcontaminants in treated urban wastewater. Science of The Total Environment, v. 744, p. 140835, nov. 2020.
BLOCK, S. S. Disinfection, sterilization, and preservation. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : Lea & Febiger, 1991.
BOLTON, J. R.; COTTON, C. A. Ultraviolet disinfection handbook. Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, 2007.
BOTTA, S. B. et al. Ultraviolet-C decontamination of a dental clinic setting: Required amount of UV light. Brazilian Dental Science, v. 23, n. 2, 12 jun. 2020.
CADNUM, J. L. et al. Effectiveness of ultraviolet-C light and a high-level disinfection cabinet for decontamination of N95 respirators. Pathogens and Immunity, v. 5, n. 1, p. 52, 2 maio 2020.
CHEN, H.; MORARU, C. I.; PROTASENKO, V. V. Maximizing the disinfection effectiveness of 254 nm UV-C light with a special design unit: Simulation and Experimental Approaches. Frontiers in Food Science and Technology, v. 3, 30 out. 2023.
CONNER-KERR , T. A. et al. The effects of ultraviolet radiation on antibiotic-resistant bacteria in vitro. Ostomy/wound management, v. 44, n. 10, p. 50–56, out. 1998.
COPE, A. L. et al. Antibiotic prescribing in UK general dental practice: A cross‐sectional study. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, v. 44, n. 2, p. 145–153, 27 out. 2015.
COSTELLOE, C. et al. Effect of antibiotic prescribing in primary care on antimicrobial resistance in individual patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, v. 340, p. c2096, 18 maio 2010.
DARNELL, M. E. R. et al. Inactivation of the coronavirus that induces severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS-COV. Journal of Virological Methods, v. 121, n. 1, p. 85–91, out. 2004.
DUMPATI, S. et al. Antimicrobial efficacy of an ultraviolet-C device against microorganisms related to contact lens adverse events. Antibiotics, v. 11, n. 5, p. 699, 21 maio 2022.
FERRO, G. et al. Antibiotic resistance spread potential in urban wastewater effluents disinfected by UV/H2O2 process. Science of The Total Environment, v. 560–561, p. 29–35, ago. 2016.
FURUTA, M. et al. Inactivation of Escherichia coli by ultrasonic irradiation. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, v. 11, n. 2, p. 57–60, abr. 2004.
GIANNAKIS, S. et al. Micropollutant degradation, bacterial inactivation and regrowth risk in wastewater effluents: Influence of the secondary (pre)treatment on the efficiency of advanced oxidation processes. Water Research, v. 102, p. 505–515, out. 2016.
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON NON-IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION (ICNIRP). Guidelines on limits of exposure to ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths between 180 nm and 400 nm (incoherent optical radiation). Health Physics, v. 87, n. 2, p. 171–186, ago. 2004.
KAZEMINIA, M. et al. Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children’s worldwide, 1995 to 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Head & Face Medicine, v. 16, n. 1, 6 out. 2020.
KOBZA, J.; PASTUSZKA, J. S.; BRĄGOSZEWSKA, E. Do exposures to aerosols pose a risk to dental professionals? Occupational Medicine, v. 68, n. 7, p. 454–458, 20 jun. 2018.
KURITA, H.; KURASHINA, K.; HONDA, T. Nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus via the surfaces of the dental operatory. British Dental Journal, v. 201, n. 5, p. 297–300, 9 set. 2006.
MARK, G. et al. Oh-radical formation by ultrasound in aqueous solution – part II: Terephthalate and Fricke dosimetry and the influence of various conditions on the sonolytic yield. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, v. 5, n. 2, p. 41–52, jun. 1998.
MADIGAN, M. T. et al. Microbiologia de Brock. 14. ed. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson, 2016.
MEINEN, A. et al. Antimicrobial resistance and the spectrum of pathogens in dental and oral-maxillofacial infections in hospitals and dental practices in Germany. Frontiers in Microbiology, v. 12, 2 jun. 2021.
NERANDZIC, M. M. et al. Evaluation of a hand-held far-ultraviolet radiation device for decontamination of clostridium difficile and other healthcare-associated pathogens. BMC Infectious Diseases, v. 12, 16 maio 2012.
PEREIRA, L. J. et al. Biological and social aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related to Oral Health. Brazilian Oral Research, v. 34, 2020.
RAEISZADEH, M.; ADELI, B. A critical review on ultraviolet disinfection systems against COVID-19 outbreak: Applicability, validation, and safety considerations. ACS Photonics, v. 7, n. 11, p. 2941–2951, 14 out. 2020.
RAMOS, C. C. R. et al. Use of ultraviolet-C in environmental sterilization in hospitals: A systematic review on efficacy and safety. International Journal of Health Sciences, v. 14, n. 6, 2020.
SATHISHKUMAR, P.; MANGALARAJA, R. V.; ANANDAN, S. Review on the recent improvements in sonochemical and combined sonochemical oxidation processes – a powerful tool for destruction of environmental contaminants. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 55, p. 426–454, mar. 2016.
SULEYMAN, G.; ALANGADEN, G.; BARDOSSY, A. C. The role of environmental contamination in the transmission of nosocomial pathogens and healthcare-associated infections. Current Infectious Disease Reports, v. 20, n. 6, 27 abr. 2018.
THOMPSON, W. et al. Tackling antibiotic resistance: Why dentistry matters. International Dental Journal, v. 71, n. 6, p. 450–453, dez. 2021.
WALKER, C. M.; KO, G. Effect of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation on viral aerosols. Environmental Science & Technology, v. 41, n. 15, p. 5460–5465, 21 jun. 2007.
WANG, G. et al. The promise of low-intensity ultrasound: A review on sonosensitizers and sonocatalysts by ultrasonic activation for bacterial killing. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, v. 79, p. 105781, nov. 2021.
WEBER, D. J. et al. Effectiveness of ultraviolet devices and hydrogen peroxide systems for terminal room decontamination: Focus on clinical trials. American Journal of Infection Control, v. 44, n. 5, maio 2016.
ZEMOURI, C. et al. A scoping review on bio-aerosols in healthcare and the dental environment. PLOS ONE, v. 12, n. 5, 22 maio 2017.
