Abordagens cirúrgicas na obesidade e síndrome metabólica: uma revisão abrangente das terapias e perspectivas futuras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv6n4-069Keywords:
obesidade, síndrome metabólica, cirurgia bariátrica, gastrectomia vertical, bypass gástricoAbstract
A obesidade e a síndrome metabólica são condições de saúde crônicas e multifatoriais que representam grandes desafios para a saúde pública. Abordagens cirúrgicas têm sido exploradas como opções terapêuticas promissoras para pacientes com essas condições. Este artigo fornece uma revisão abrangente das abordagens cirúrgicas na obesidade e síndrome metabólica, incluindo cirurgia bariátrica restritiva, cirurgia bariátrica malabsortiva e procedimentos endoscópicos. A estratégia de busca utilizada incluiu bases de dados como PubMed, Web of Science e Scopus, resultando em uma seleção de estudos primários publicados entre janeiro de 2010 e junho de 2023. Os resultados indicaram que a gastrectomia vertical e o bypass gástrico em Y de Roux são procedimentos eficazes na perda de peso e melhora das comorbidades metabólicas. Os procedimentos endoscópicos, como o balão intragástrico, também demonstraram resultados promissores, embora mais pesquisas sejam necessárias para avaliar sua eficácia a longo prazo. A escolha da abordagem cirúrgica deve ser individualizada, considerando os riscos e benefícios, além do perfil clínico e preferências do paciente. Recomenda-se a realização de estudos de longo prazo e ensaios clínicos randomizados para aprimorar o conhecimento sobre os desfechos e a segurança dessas intervenções. Em conclusão, as abordagens cirúrgicas representam uma opção valiosa no manejo da obesidade e da síndrome metabólica, mas devem ser integradas a abordagens multidisciplinares e personalizadas para alcançar melhores resultados.References
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