Estratégias psicossociais utilizadas por profissionais da saúde no enfrentamento de pandemias: revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv6n2-184Keywords:
pessoal de saúde, adaptação psicológica, pandemias, estresse psicológico, surtos de doençasAbstract
Objetivo: analisar estratégias psicossociais utilizadas por profissionais da saúde para o autocuidado no enfrentamento de pandemias. Método: revisão integrativa realizada em sete bases de dados. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos que abordassem estratégias psicossociais utilizadas pelos profissionais da saúde em pandemias, sem delimitação temporal e de idioma. Seguiu-se o check-list PRISMA. Resultados: foram identificados 5124 artigos, dos quais 345 estavam duplicados, 4645 não respondiam à pergunta de pesquisa após a leitura do título e resumo. Dentre os 134 artigos elegíveis, após leitura na íntegra, 17 foram selecionados. As principais estratégias encontradas foram atitudes positivas, conhecimento sobre a doença, medidas rigorosas de prevenção, suporte multidimensional e institucional, medidas de autocuidado e enfrentamento religioso. Conclusão: as estratégias psicossociais evidenciadas devem se adequar as necessidades do profissional da saúde, com o intuito de promover a resiliência psicológica e melhorar a saúde mental.
References
Buss PM, Fonseca LE, organizadores. Diplomacia da saúde e Covid-19: reflexões a meio caminho. Rio de Janeiro: FIOCRUZ; 2020. Serie Informação para ação na Covid-19. doi:https://doi.org/10.7476/9786557080290
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Center for Health Security. The characteristics of pandemic pathogens [Internet]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University; 2018 [cited 2021 May 28]. Available from: https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/pubs_archive/pubs-pdfs/2018/180510-pandemic-pathogens-report.pdf
Henriques CMP, Vasconcelos W. Crises dentro da crise: respostas, incertezas e desencontros no combate à pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil. Estud Av. 2020;34(99):25-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-4014.2020.3499.003
Lucas Á. A triste sorte dos presidentes negacionistas da covid-19 [Internet]. Madrid: El País Brasil; 2020[cited 2021 May 28]. Available from: https://brasil.elpais.com/internacional/2020-07-07/a-triste-sorte-dos-negacionistas-da-covid-19.html.
Roser M, Ritchie H. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)[Internet].Oxford: Our World in Data; 2020.[cited 2021 May 28]. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus
Ornell F, Schuch JB, Sordi AO, Kessler FHP. “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies. Braz J Psychiatry. 2020;42(3):232-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008
Pereira MD, Oliveira LD, Costa CFT, Bezerra CDO, Pereira MD, Santos CD, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation, consequences on mental health and coping strategies: an integrative review. Res Soc Dev. 2020;9(7):1-35.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4548
Reardon S. Ebola's mental-health wounds linger in Africa. Nature. 2015;519(7541):13-4.doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/519013a
Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: a cross-sectional study. BrainBehavImmun.
;87:1117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
World Health Organization (WHO). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2020 [cited 2021 Mar 01]. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf
Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020;395(102227):912-20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Lóss JCS, Boechat LBG, Silva LP, Dias VE. A saúde mental dos profissionais de saúde na linha de frente contra a Covid-19. Revista Transformar [Internet]. 2020 Sept[cited 2021 Mar 01].;14(2):54-75. Available from: http://www.fsj.edu.br/transformar/index.php/transformar/article/view/375/183
Malhotra N, Gupta N, Ish S, Ish P. COVID-19 in intensive care. Some necessary steps for health care workers. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2020;90(1):161-62. doi: https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2020.1284
Siqueira ABR, Santos MA, Leonidas C. Confluências das relações familiares e transtornos alimentares: revisão integrativa da literatura. Psicol Clín. 2020;32(1):123-49. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.33208/PC1980-5438v0032n01A06
Mendes KDS, Silveira RCDCP, Galvão CM. Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem. Texto & Contexto Enferm. 2009;17(4):758-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-07072008000400018
Galvão TF, Pereira MG. Revisões sistemáticas da literatura: passos para sua elaboração. Epidemiol Serv Saúde. 2014;23(1):183-4. doi: https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742014000100018
Galvão TF, Pereira MG. Etapas de busca e seleção de artigos em revisões sistemáticas da literatura. EpidemiolServ Saúde. 2014;23(2):369-71. doi: https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742014000200019
Galvão TF, Pansani TSA, Harrad D. Principais itens para relatar revisões sistemáticas e meta- análises: a recomendação PRISMA. Epidemiol Serv Saúde. 2015;24(2):335-42. doi: https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742015000200017
Melnyk BM, Fineout-Overholt E.Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: a guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011. Chaper 1, Making the case evidence-basead practice and cultivating a spirit of inquiry. In: Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: a guide to best practice; p. 3-24.
KhalidI, Khalid TJ, Qabajah MR, Barnard AG, Qushmaq IA. Healthcare workers emotions, perceived stressors and coping strategies during a MERS-CoV outbreak. Clin Med Res. 2016;14(1):7-14.doi: https://doi.org/10.3121/cmr.2016.1303
Shechter A, Diaz F, Moise N, Anstey DE, Ye S, Agarwal S, et al. Psychological distress, coping behaviors, and preferences for support among New York healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2020;66:1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.007
Cai H, Tu B, Ma J, Chen L, Fu L, Jiang Y, et al. Psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in Hunan between January and March 2020 during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei, China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:1-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.924171
Marjanovic Z, Greenglass ER, Coffey S. The relevance of psychosocial variables and working conditions in predicting nurses’ coping strategies during the SARS crisis: an online questionnaire survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2007;44(6):991-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.02.012
Demirci AD, Oruc M, Kabukcuoglu K. It was difficult, but our struggle to touch lives gave us strength: the experience of nurses working on COVID-19 wards. J Clin Nurs. 2021;30(5-6):732-41. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15602
Shahid H, Haider MZ, Taqi M, Gulzar A, Zamani Z, Fatima T, et al. COVID-19 and its Psychological Impacts on Healthcare Staff–a multi-centric comparative cross-sectional study. Cureus. 2020;12(11):1-13. doi: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.11753
Sun N, Wei L, Shi S, Jiao D, Song R, Ma L, et al. A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. Am J Infect Control. 2020;48(6):592-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018
Raven J, WurieH, Witter S. Health workers’ experiences of coping with the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone’s health system: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3072-3
Dong ZQ, Ma J, Hao YN, Shen XL, Liu F, Gao Y, et al. The social psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical staff in China: a cross-sectional study. Eur Psychiatry. 2020;63(1):1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.59
George CE, Inbaraj LR, Rajukutty S, de Witte LP. Challenges, experience and coping of health professionals in delivering healthcare in an urban slum in India during the first 40 days of COVID-19 crisis: a mixed method study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(11):1-14.doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042171
Jokić-Begć N, Korajlija AL, Begić D. Mental health of psychiatrists and physicians of other specialties in early covid-19 pandemic: Risk and protective factors. PsychiatrDanub. 2020;32(3-4):536-48. doi: https://doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2020.536
RathoreP, KumarS, ChoudharyN, Sarma R, Singh N, Haokip N, et al. Concerns of health-care professionals managing COVID patients under institutional isolation during COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Indian J Palliat Care. 2020;26(Suppl1):S90–S94. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_172_20
Windarwati HD, Ati NAL, Paraswati MD, Ilmy SK, Supianto AA, Rizzal AF, et al. Stressor, coping mechanism, and motivation among health care workers in dealing with stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Asian J Psychiatr. 2021;56:1-3. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102470
Munawar K, Choudhry FR. Exploring stress coping strategies of frontline emergency health workers dealing Covid-19 in Pakistan: A qualitative inquiry. Am J Infection Control. 2021;49(3):286-92. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.214
Koh GC, Abikusno N, Kwing CS, Yee WT, Kusumaratna R, Sundram M, et al. Avian influenza and South Jakarta primary healthcare workers: a controlled mixed-method study. Trop Med Int Health. 2009;14(7):817-29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02297.x
Ali H, Astin Cole AA, Sa’dHamasha GP. Major stressors and coping strategies of frontline nursing staff during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2020 (COVID-19) in Alabama. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2020; 13:2057-68. doi: http://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S285933
Noreen K, Umar M, Sabir SA, Rehman R. Outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) in Pakistan: psychological impact and coping strategies of health care professionals. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1478-83. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2988
Trettene AS, Ferreira JAF, Mutro MEG, Tabaquim MLM, Razera APR. Estresse em profissionais de enfermagem atuantes em Unidades de Pronto Atendimento. BolAcad Paul Psicol [Internet] 2016 [cited 2021 Mar 10];36(91):243-61. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-711X2016 000200002&lng=pt&tlng=pt
Mattos SM, Pereira DS, Moreira TMM, Cestari VRF, Gonzalez RH. Recomendações de atividade física e exercício físico durante a pandemia Covid-19: revisão de escopo sobre publicações no Brasil. RevBrasAtivFís Saúde; 2020;25:1-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.25e0176
