Papel da avaliação de fragilidade no pré-operatório de cirurgias vasculares: revisão integrativa da literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv6n2-103Keywords:
fragilidade, procedimentos cirúrgicos vasculares, período pré-operatório, indicadores de morbimortalidade, complicações pós-operatóriasAbstract
Cirurgias vasculares são cada vez mais realizadas, especialmente por conta do envelhecimento da população global. Sabe-se que a fragilidade está associada a um maior risco de complicações pós-operatórias e aumento do tempo de permanência hospitalar após cirurgia vascular. Além disso, pacientes frágeis frequentemente apresentam múltiplas comorbidades associadas que aumentam o risco de desfechos indesejados. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetivou investigar a importância da avaliação de fragilidade sobre os resultados pós-operatórios de pacientes candidatos a cirurgias vasculares. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada pela seleção de artigos científicos originais de bibliografias nacionais e internacionais, que abordem as variáveis envolvidas na aplicação da avaliação de fragilidade no pré-operatório de cirurgias vasculares. Atualmente compreende-se que as medidas de fragilidade têm um efeito maior e um valor discriminativo mais alto para prever eventos adversos do que apenas a idade de forma isolada. A utilização de métodos avaliativos da fragilidade no pré-operatório de pacientes eleitos a cirurgias vasculares é fundamental na predição de morbimortalidade e possíveis complicações advindas desses procedimentos. Diversos métodos de avaliação são utilizados para tal finalidade, como o Índice de Fragilidade (FI) e o Índice de Fragilidade Modificado (mFI). O mFI é a ferramenta de avaliação mais difundida em cirurgia vascular, por ser relativamente conveniente e de fácil aplicação, no entanto, a literatura relata uma ampla variedade de abordagens não padronizadas, permitindo a manutenção de índices de morbimortalidade que ainda poderiam ser reduzidos nos serviços vasculares. Assim sendo, a criação de um método específico e padronizado de avaliação de fragilidade nas cirurgias vasculares é de fundamental importância para a segurança da população de pacientes submetidos a esse tipo de procedimento.
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