MOGAD: abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv6n2-033Keywords:
Doença Autoimune, Doença Desmielinizante, MOGADAbstract
A mielina oligodendrócito glicoproteína anticorpo associada à doença, ou MOGAD, é uma patologia inflamatória autoimune do sistema nervoso central, mediada por um processo desmielinizante. Há poucos dados sobre a prevalência e incidência da doença; uma vez que a mielina oligodendrócita glicoproteína (MOG) foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1980, contudo, o seu papel na génese das doenças autoimunes desmielinizantes só foi reconhecido no século XXI, e não foi até 2018 que as diferenças da MOGAD com esclerose múltipla e neuromielite óptica foram esclarecidas. Os doentes podem apresentar características clínicas de neurite óptica, mielite transversal e encefalomielite aguda disseminada, o que leva a confusão com outras doenças autoimunes desmielinizantes, e o apoio de estudos complementares como a ressonância magnética e a detecção de anticorpos MOG é essencial para uma caracterização adequada e, assim, para estabelecer o tratamento óptimo. A presente revisão visa fornecer informação atualizada sobre a abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica do MOGAD, o que permitirá ao pessoal de saúde gerir adequadamente a patologia e assim melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
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