Atualidades no Diabetes gestacional
Updates on gestational Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv5n6-029Keywords:
“Diabetes e gestação, “gestação de risco”, “pré-natal”, “hipoglicemiantes orais”, “puerpério”Abstract
Introdução - diabetes mellitus gestacional refere-se à hiperglicemia diagnosticada durante o segundo ou terceiro trimestre da gravidez. Sua prevalência varia de <1% a 28% dependendo do país e dos critérios de diagnóstico. Objetivos - revisão na literatura atualizando conceitos, diagnóstico e novas possibilidades terapêuticas no diabetes gestacional. Metodologia - revisão bibliográfica, com descritores: diabetes e gestação, gestação de risco, pré-natal, hipoglicemiantes orais e cuidados no puerpério. Resultados - aumento no consumo de açúcar é paralelo ao aumento do excesso de peso, diabetes gestacional e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 nas últimas quatro décadas. A triagem universal associada a mudanças de estilo de vida (dieta e exercício) é a principal abordagem durante gestação. A metformina ganhou espaço definitivo, precedendo à introdução da insulina. O telemonitoramento deve ser incentivado. Fundamental o controle pós-parto, muito negligenciado, na triagem do diabetes tipo 2. Conclusões – Alguns pontos muito bem definidos: O rastreamento universal é obrigatório, existindo ainda algumas divergências na metodologia empregada (jejum ou teste com carga), as mudanças nos hábitos de vida e o exercício físico são fundamentais no controle. Entretanto são de difícil aderência. A metformina é uma realidade que deve estar em todos os protocolos, fundamental o acompanhamento no pós-parto, devendo ser considerado a longo prazo, devido à relação com o diabetes tipo 2 no futuro das pacientes. Considerar adequado o monitoramento à distância com resultados promissores.
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