Gastroparesia em pacientes diabéticos: uma revisão narrativa / Gastroparesis in diabetic patients: a narrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv5n2-348Keywords:
gastroparesia, diabetes mellitus, complicações do diabetes, esvaziamento gástrico.Abstract
Este artigo buscou analisar a produção científica sobre a Gastroparesia Diabética (GD), a partir de uma abordagem ampla, com detalhamento de conceito, fisiopatologia, manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico, terapêutica e prognóstico. A GD é uma complicação da Diabetes Mellitus (DM) mal controlada e deve ser considerada em pacientes com sintomas como náuseas, vômitos, epigastralgia, distensão abdominal e plenitude pós-prandial. O diagnóstico é feito pela exclusão de obstrução da saída gástrica e avaliação do esvaziamento tardio por meio de exames, sendo a cintilografia gástrica considerada o padrão ouro para este fim. O tratamento engloba, principalmente, a utilização de medicamentos, mudanças dietéticas e alterações de hábitos de vida a fim de diminuir os sintomas, melhorar a qualidade de vida, garantir ingestão nutricional suficiente, além de controlar a progressão da GD. Entretanto, a adesão ao tratamento mostra-se um dos maiores desafios no controle da doença, uma vez que mudanças alimentares, cessação do tabagismo e etilismo, além do melhor controle glicêmico podem ser difíceis para muitos pacientes. Logo, reforça-se a necessidade de mais pesquisas voltadas especialmente para a compreensão da fisiopatologia e do tratamento da GD, bem como políticas que objetivem a maior adesão dos pacientes aos tratamentos propostos.
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