Riscos na quimioterapia adjuvante: revisão sistemática / Risks in adjuvant chemotherapy: systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv5n2-323Keywords:
quimioterapia adjuvante, tratamento quimioterápico, período pós-operatório, risco.Abstract
Introdução: A quimioterapia adjuvante (QTA) é uma escolha terapêutica pós-operatória frequente no manejo de inúmeras neoplasias – de cabeça e pescoço, de mama, espinhais, abdominais, pélvicas e ginecológicas –, ainda assim, faltam diretrizes específicas e amplamente reconhecidas. Objetivo: Apresentar os riscos relacionados à QTA, incluindo, menor taxa de sobrevida, taxas de eficácia desfavoráveis e complicações agudas ou tardias. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de artigos, na base de dados PubMed e no Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) em setembro de 2021 com os descritores: “quimioterapia adjuvante”, “período pós-operatório” e “risco”. Foram incluídos estudos publicados entre 2016 e 2021 que abordassem riscos relacionados à quimioterapia pós-operatória e, após exclusão conforme duplicatas, tipo de estudo, idiomas e leitura do resumo, foram selecionados 29 estudos para análise. Resultados e discussão: Os riscos relacionados à QTA diferiram entre os distintos tipos de neoplasias e estágios. Em condições específicas, a QTA foi relacionada a melhores taxas de sobrevida em pacientes com câncer, por exemplo, de mama, de pulmão, gástrico, hepático, pancreátrico, de bexiga, retal e metástases; e a taxas desfavoráveis de recorrência, a citar, de câncer hepático e endometrial. A QTA pode apresentar resultados desfavoráveis, a incluir complicações de ostomia em pacientes com neoplasia retal e tromboembolismo venoso em pacientes com câncer de ovário. Conclusão: Sugere-se ponderar benefícios e riscos associados a QTA, bem como a padronização de suas indicações.
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