Tratamento farmacológico da insônia durante a gravidez / Pharmacological treatment of insomnia during pregnancy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv5n2-289Keywords:
gravidez, tratamento farmacológico, insônia.Abstract
Introdução: O tratamento farmacológico de uma gestante com insônia promove muita incerteza e se torna importante por promover uma correlação de distúrbios psiquiátricos e o possível surgimento de malformações. Objetivo: Fornecer dados científicos que permitirão aos médicos psiquiatras segurança ao avaliar os riscos e benefícios dos medicamentos disponíveis para o tratamento farmacológico da insônia durante a gravidez. Métodos: A pesquisa foi realizada no PubMed, correlacionando os termos tratamento farmacológico da insônia, gravidez e medicamentos para a insônia, com a utilização dos seguintes descritores: benzodiazepinicos, antidepressivos, antipsicóticos, melatonina, hipnóticos e anti-histamínicos. Resultados: Vários artigos foram encontrados correlacionando distúrbios do sono na gravidez, mas houve apenas 29 artigos que são revisões da literatura, sistemática e caso-controle, que relataram de forma objetiva sobre o uso de substâncias farmacológicas e insônia durante a gravidez. A maioria dos artigos não correlacionou o uso de drogas farmacológicas para insônia durante a gravidez e o risco de teratogênese. Um estudo de caso-controle mostrou evidências do efeito da teratogênese com o uso de diazepam e defeitos do tubo neural, fissura labial e atresia intestinal / estenose; no entanto, esses resultados não foram replicados nos estudos seguintes. Apenas um artigo mostrou evidências de que o uso de Zolpidem pode causar parto prematuro, aumento de partos cesáreos e baixo peso ao nascer. Conclusão: O tratamento farmacológico da insônia durante a gravidez torna-se fundamental para prevenir o desenvolvimento de transtornos psiquiátricos, como depressão e ansiedade, além de parto prematuro, parto cesáreo e baixo peso ao nascer.
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