O microbioma intestinal e a interconexão com os neurotransmissores associados a ansiedade e depressão / Intestinal microbioma and interconnection with neurotransmitters associated with anxiety and depression
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv5n1-298Keywords:
Ansiedade, Depressão, Eixo, Intestino, Microbioma, Neurotransmissores.Abstract
O microbioma intestinal exerce ação vital não somente no funcionamento do trato gastrointestinal, mas também, na modulação do sistema imunológico, na sinalização intercelular neuroendócrina e na comunicação entre o sistema nervoso entérico e o sistema nervoso central, formando o eixo cérebro-intestino. Diversas desordens podem desencadear uma disbiose, o desequilíbrio na composição e na diversidade da microbiota intestinal pode favorecer o desenvolvimento de doenças psíquicas. Diferentes vias de neurotransmissão participam dos mecanismos das patologias, ansiedade e depressão, dentre os neurotransmissores associados à esta patologia estão, a dopamina, serotonina, GABA e noradrenalina, que desempenham papéis distintos, porém igualmente importantes na regulação da ansiedade e depressão. O aparecimento de sintomas depressivos, podem estar relacionados, por exemplo, ao uso de determinados medicamentos. A biomedicina é fundamental na área analítica laboratorial, sendo um ponto chave nos diagnósticos de doença e direcionamento de possíveis tratamentos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo evidenciar qual relação entre o microbioma intestinal com a ansiedade e depressão. O presente trabalho foi realizado a partir de uma revisão de literatura a respeito do tema Microbioma IntestinaI e os Neurotransmissores Associados a Ansiedade e Depressão, na qual foram utilizadas as bases de dados: PubMed, Google Acadêmico, Medline, Science Direct e Scielo. Foram consultados trabalhos científicos publicados nos últimos 20 anos, e livros científicos. O desenvolvimento cerebral e a produção de neurotransmissores associados a ansiedade e depressão estão fortemente ligados com a comunidade bacteriana intestinal, dessa forma, o impacto que o desequilíbrio da microbiota intestinal pode exercer contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de doenças neuropsiquiátricas, é uma temática emergente de estudos e pesquisas, então, compreende-se que a manutenção da homeostase da microbiota é fundamental para a saúde do ser humano.
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