Infecção por Gardnerella vaginalis: Principais faixas etárias e mecanismos de resposta inflamatória/ Gardnerella vaginalis infection: Main age groups and inflammatory response mechanisms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv4n5-391Keywords:
Gardnerella vaginalis, faixa etária, prevalência.Abstract
Objetivos: Caracterizar a faixa etária de maior prevalência da infecção por Gardnerella vaginalis e os mecanismos envolvidos nas causas e consequências dessa afecção. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura sistemática para a qual foram elencados artigos do Medline / PubMed e do Google Scholar estudos experimentais relacionados e artigos de revisão considerados relevantes, cujos descritores foram: Gardnerella vaginalis, prevalence, age group, characteristics, complications, prevailling age e estrogen. Apenas estudos na língua inglesa e escritos nos últimos cinco anos foram considerados, suas listas de referência foram rastreadas na procura de artigos afins. Resultados: A partir da leitura dos artigos selecionados percebeu-se que a Vaginose Bacteriana se relacionou com hábitos comportamentais e questões fisiológicas causadores de alterações na microbiota vaginal. Sendo mais prevalente entre as mulheres em idade reprodutiva, também foram evidenciadas repercussões desfavoráveis da infecção incluindo complicações gestacionais e infertilidade. Conclusão: A Vaginose Bacteriana causada pela Gardnerella vaginalis é mais prevalente entre as mulheres em idade reprodutiva, o que se justifica por questões habituais e fisiológicas, estando intimamente relacionada com desequilíbrio na microbiota vaginal.
References
ACHILLES, Sharon L. et al. Impact of contraceptive initiation on vaginal microbiota. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, v. 218, n. 6, p. 622. e1-622. e10, 2018.
BAUTISTA, Christian T. et al. Association of bacterial vaginosis with chlamydia and gonorrhea among women in the US Army. American journal of preventive medicine, v. 52, n. 5, p. 632-639, 2017.
CASTRO, Joana; MACHADO, Daniela; CERCA, Nuno. Unveiling the role of Gardnerella vaginalis in polymicrobial bacterial vaginosis biofilms: the impact of other vaginal pathogens living as neighbors. The ISME journal, v. 13, n. 5, p. 1306-1317, 2019.
GARDNER, Herman L.; DUKES, Charles D. Haemophilus vaginalis vaginitis: a newly defined specific infection previously classified “nonspecific” vaginitis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, v. 69, n. 5, p. 962-976, 1955.
GLINIEWICZ, Karol et al. Comparison of the vaginal microbiomes of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Frontiers in microbiology, v. 10, p. 193, 2019.
HILBERT, David W. et al. Utilization of molecular methods to identify prognostic markers for recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, v. 86, n. 2, p. 231-242, 2016.
JANULAITIENE, Migle et al. Prevalence and distribution of Gardnerella vaginalis subgroups in women with and without bacterial vaginosis. BMC infectious diseases, v. 17, n. 1, p. 1-9, 2017.
KACEROVSKY, Marian et al. Cervical Gardnerella vaginalis in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. Plos one, v. 16, n. 1, p. e0245937, 2021.
KALIA, Namarta; SINGH, Jatinder; KAUR, Manpreet. Microbiota in vaginal health and pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal infections: a critical review. Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-19, 2020.
KUON, R. J. et al. Higher prevalence of colonization with Gardnerella vaginalis and gram-negative anaerobes in patients with recurrent miscarriage and elevated peripheral natural killer cells. Journal of reproductive immunology, v. 120, p. 15-19, 2017.
LENNARD, Katie et al. Microbial composition predicts genital tract inflammation and persistent bacterial vaginosis in South African adolescent females. Infection and immunity, v. 86, n. 1, p. e00410-17, 2018.
MA, Dongwen; CHEN, Yidan; CHEN, Tingtao. Vaginal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a conceptual analysis. FEMS microbiology letters, v. 366, n. 4, p. fnz025, 2019.
MORRILL, Sydney; GILBERT, Nicole M.; LEWIS, Amanda L. Gardnerella vaginalis as a Cause of Bacterial Vaginosis: Appraisal of the Evidence From in vivo Models. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, v. 10, p. 168, 2020.
MURPHY, Kerry et al. Impact of reproductive aging on the vaginal microbiome and soluble immune mediators in women living with and at-risk for HIV infection. PLoS One, v. 14, n. 4, p. e0216049, 2019.
MUZNY, Christina A. et al. Identification of key bacteria involved in the induction of incident bacterial vaginosis: a prospective study. The Journal of infectious diseases, v. 218, n. 6, p. 966-978, 2018.
NASIOUDIS, Dimitrios et al. Bacterial vaginosis: a critical analysis of current knowledge. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, v. 124, n. 1, p. 61-69, 2017.
PAYNE, Vincent Khan et al. Risk factors associated with prevalence of candida albicans, gardnerella vaginalis, and trichomonas vaginalis among women at the district hospital of dschang, west region, Cameroon. International Journal of Microbiology, v. 2020, 2020.
PLUMMER, Erica L. et al. Gardnerella vaginalis clade distribution is associated with behavioral practices and Nugent score in women who have sex with women. The Journal of infectious diseases, v. 221, n. 3, p. 454-463, 2020.
RAVEL, Jacques; MORENO, Inmaculada; SIMÓN, Carlos. Bacterial vaginosis and its association with infertility, endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2020. RAVEL, Jacques; MORENO, Inmaculada; SIMÓN, Carlos. Bacterial vaginosis and its association with infertility, endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2020.
RUSSO, R.; KARADJA, E.; DE SETA, F. Evidence-based mixture containing Lactobacillus strains and lactoferrin to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis: a double blind, placebo controlled, randomised clinical trial. Beneficial microbes, v. 10, n. 1, p. 19-26, 2019.
SHARDELL, Michelle et al. Association of vaginal microbiota with signs and symptoms of the genitourinary syndrome of menopause across reproductive stages. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 2021.
UNEMO, Magnus et al. Sexually transmitted infections: challenges ahead. The Lancet infectious diseases, v. 17, n. 8, p. e235-e279, 2017.
VAN TEIJLINGEN, Nienke H. et al. Vaginal dysbiosis associated-bacteria Megasphaera elsdenii and Prevotella timonensis induce immune activation via dendritic cells. Journal of reproductive immunology, v. 138, p. 103085, 2020.
VODSTRCIL, Lenka A. et al. The influence of sexual activity on the vaginal microbiota and Gardnerella vaginalis clade diversity in young women. PloS one, v. 12, n. 2, p. e0171856, 2017.
WONG, Yin Ping et al. Gardnerella vaginalis in perinatology: An overview of the clinicopathological correlation. The Malaysian journal of pathology, v. 40, n. 3, p. 267-286, 2018.
