Oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea no suporte de pacientes com insuficiência respiratória grave causada pela COVID-19: Uma revisão narrativa / Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation in support of patients with severe respiratory failure caused by COVID-19: A narrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv4n4-313Keywords:
COVID-19, Oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, Efetividade.Abstract
O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a efetividade da oxigenação extracorpórea por membrana (ECMO) em pacientes hospitalizados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva em decorrência da COVID-19. A busca de evidências científicas foi realizada em quatro bases de dados: MedLine, EMBASE, LILACS e SciELO. A pergunta norteadora da pesquisa foi: A ECMO é uma opção eficaz para o tratamento da COVID-19? Títulos e resumos foram inicialmente triados por pelo menos dois pesquisadores de forma independente. Após a seleção dos estudos elegíveis, estes foram lidos na íntegra. Todas as discordâncias foram resolvidas por consenso entre os pesquisadores. A pesquisa da literatura identificou 383 artigos, 349 na MedLine, 25 na EMBASE, 6 na LILACS e 2 na SciELO. Ao final, 16 estudos foram incluídos na presente revisão narrativa. Foram avaliados 3.482 pacientes, sendo 71% do sexo masculino, com média de idade estimada em 52 anos e tempo médio em ECMO de 20 dias. A efetividade da ECMO avaliada em termos de sobrevida variou de 25 a 100%, sendo essa estimada em 55% quando se considerou o resultado do ensaio clínico + 4 estudos de coorte identificados. Esse último resultado demonstra que a ECMO pode prevenir um número considerável de mortes, mas será que os sistemas de saúde terão condição de arcar com seu alto custo?
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