Effects of aging on resting metabolic rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis/Efeito do envelhecimento na taxa metabólica de repouso: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv4n4-266Keywords:
Calorimetria, Metabolismo, Envelhecimento, Saúde, Taxa metabólica de repouso.Abstract
Objetivo. Meta-analisar a literatura prévia a fim de encontrar um consenso sobre os efeitos do envelhecimento na taxa metabólica de repouso (TMR) e identificar os principais atores neste processo. Métodos. Por meio de pesquisa no PubMed, dezoito estudos comparando TMR entre adultos mais velhos e jovens foram incluídos para meta-análise. Resultados. Os adultos mais velhos tiveram TMR significativamente menor do que os adultos jovens (-437 kJ/d [-591; 283], p <0,001). Enquanto os homens mais velhos tiveram uma redução de -725 kJ/d ([-1068; -382], p <0,001), as mulheres mais velhas tiveram apenas menos da metade dessa redução (-233 kJ / d [-308; -158], p <0,001). A redução da TMR induzida pela idade foi prevista pela diferença da massa muscular entre os grupos (r2 = 0,55), mas não pela massa corporal ou outros componentes da composição corporal. Conclusão. A TMR é de fato reduzida em adultos mais velhos e a perda de massa muscular é o principal ator nesse processo. Estudos futuros devem investigar o quanto dessa redução pode ser responsável por más condições de saúde em adultos mais velhos.
References
Rubner M. Machinery of metabolism. JAMA J Am Med Assoc. 1916;66(24):1879.
Jumpertz R, Hanson RL, Sievers ML, Bennett PH, Nelson RG, Krakoff J. Higher energy expenditure in humans predicts natural mortality. J Clin Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. 2011 Jun [cited 2021 Mar 29];96(6). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21450984/
Ruggiero C, Metter EJ, Melenovsky V, Cherubini A, Najjar SS, Ble A, et al. High basal metabolic rate is a risk factor for mortality: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Journals Gerontol - Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2020 Nov 12];63(7):698–706. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18693224/
Lotka AJ. Contribution to the Energetics of Evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci [Internet]. 1922 Jun 1 [cited 2021 Mar 29];8(6):147–51. Available from: https://www.pnas.org/content/8/6/147
Schrack JA, Knuth ND, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L. “iDEAL” aging is associated with lower resting metabolic rate: The baltimore longitudinal study of aging. J Am Geriatr Soc [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2021 Apr 7];62(4):667–72. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3989425/
Harman D. The aging process: Major risk factor for disease and death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991;88(12):5360–3.
Duncan GE, Perri MG, Theriaque DW, Hutson AD, Eckel RH, Stacpoole PW. Exercise training, without weight loss, increases insulin sensitivity and postheparin plasma lipase activity in previously sedentary adults. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2003 Mar 1 [cited 2021 Mar 29];26(3):557–62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12610001/
Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, Wang JX, Yang WY, An ZX, et al. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: The Da Qing IGT and diabetes study. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 1997 [cited 2021 Mar 29];20(4):537–44. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9096977/
Frisard M, Ravussin E. Energy metabolism and oxidative stress: Impact on the metabolic syndrome and the aging process. Endocrine [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2020 Nov 12];29(1):27–32. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16622290/
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Altman D, Antes G, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Vol. 6, PLoS Medicine. 2009.
Lührmann PM, Neuhäeuser Berthold M. Are the equations published in literature for predicting resting metabolic rate accurate for use in the elderly? J Nutr Heal Aging. 2004;8(3):144–9.
Weiss CO, Cappola AR, Varadhan R, Fried LP. Resting metabolic rate in old-old women with and without frailty: Variability and estimation of energy requirements. J Am Geriatr Soc [Internet]. 2012 Sep [cited 2021 Mar 29];60(9):1695–700. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22985142/
Rumpler W V., Seale JL, Conway JM, Moe PW. Repeatability of 24-h energy expenditure measurements in humans by indirect calorimetry. Am J Clin Nutr [Internet]. 1990 [cited 2021 Mar 29];51(2):147–52. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2305701/
McAnena OJ, Harvey LP, Katzeff HL, Daly JM. Indirect calorimetry: comparison of hood and mask systems for measuring resting energy expenditure in healthy volunteers. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr [Internet]. 1986 [cited 2021 Mar 29];10(6):555–7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3795448/
Higgins J, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page M, et al. Chapter 6: Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect. In: Higgins J, Li T, Deeks J, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version [Internet]. 2nd ed. Chichester (UK): John Wiley & Sons; 2020. Available from: www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
Leonard WR. Human Energetics. In: Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Elsevier; 2014.
Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple , graphical test measures of funnel plot asymmetry. BMJ [Internet]. 1997 [cited 2020 Jan 13];315(7109):629–34. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9310563%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC2127453
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, et al. GRADE: An emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ [Internet]. 2008 Apr 26 [cited 2021 Apr 3];336(7650):924–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18436948/
Weir JB d. V. New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. J Physiol [Internet]. 1949 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 29];109(1–2):1–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15394301/
Nelson KM, Weinsier RL, Long CL, Schutz Y. Prediction of resting energy expenditure from fat-free mass and fat mass. Am J Clin Nutr [Internet]. 1992 [cited 2021 Mar 28];56(5):848–56. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1415003/
Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Wang ZM, Ross R. Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18-88 yr. J Appl Physiol [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2021 Mar 28];89(1):81–8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10904038/
McCormick R, Vasilaki A. Age-related changes in skeletal muscle: changes to life-style as a therapy. Biogerontology [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Mar 28];19(6). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30259289/
Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN, Fiatarone Singh MA, Minson CT, Nigg CR, Salem GJ, et al. Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults. Med Sci Sport Exerc [Internet]. 2009 Jul [cited 2021 Apr 7];41(7):1510–30. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/00005768-200907000-00020
Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, Manore MM, Rankin JW, Smith BK. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults [Internet]. Vol. 41, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc; 2009 [cited 2021 Apr 7]. p. 459–71. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19127177/
Barazzoni R, Bischoff S, Boirie Y, Busetto L, Cederholm T, Dicker D, et al. Sarcopenic Obesity: Time to Meet the Challenge [Internet]. Vol. 11, Obesity Facts. S. Karger AG; 2018 [cited 2021 Apr 7]. p. 294–305. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30016792/
Molino S, Dossena M, Buonocore D, Verri M. Sarcopenic obesity: An appraisal of the current status of knowledge and management in elderly people [Internet]. Vol. 20, Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging. Springer-Verlag France; 2016 [cited 2021 Apr 7]. p. 780–8. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12603-015-0631-8
Sardeli A, Griffth G, Santos M dos, Ito M, Chacon-MIkahil M. The effects of exercise training on hypertensive older adults: an umbrella meta-analysis. Hypertens Res. 2021;44(8).
Silva G, Oliveira L, Rolim A, Santos N dos, Araújo L, Braga V, et al. Nutritional intervention with emphasis on the supplementation of vitamin d, milk serum protein and essensential amino acids in improving muscular health in sarcopenic elderly people: a literature review. Brazilian J Heal Rev. 2021;4(3):11926–37.
Alfonzo-González G, Doucet E, Bouchard C, Tremblay A. Greater than predicted decrease in resting energy expenditure with age: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence. Eur J Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2006 Jan [cited 2021 Apr 21];60(1):18–24. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16151460/
