Plasticidade molecular da matriz extracelular contribui para metástase e resistência a terapias / Molecular plasticity of the extracellular matrix contributes to metastasis and resistance to therapies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv4n4-250Keywords:
Matriz Extracelular, Remodelação, Câncer, Metástase, Resistência, Microambiente.Abstract
A matriz extracelular (MEC) trata-se de um componente não celular presente em todos os tecidos e órgãos e atua não apenas como uma estrutura física importante para os constituintes celulares, mas também como ponto de partida para eventos bioquímicos e biomecânicos essenciais para a morfogênese, diferenciação e homeostase do tecido. A MEC é composta de um conjunto complexo de proteínas fibrosas, proteoglicanos e outras moléculas, tais como citocinas, fatores de crescimento e hormônios, cuja composição varia de tecido para tecido e é alterada frente a diferentes condições fisiológicas (renovação e reparo tecidual) e associadas às doenças, incluindo câncer, razão pela qual componentes da MEC são denominados como Hallmarks do câncer. Neste contexto, a remodelação da MEC é uma das estratégias que os tumores utilizam para criar um microambiente que promove a tumorigênese e metástase através de diferentes mecanismos. Nesta revisão as características funcionais da MEC serão abordadas e também destacado o entendimento atual dos mecanismos físicos, celulares e moleculares pelos quais a MEC do tumor afeta a eficiência da quimioterapia, radioterapia e imunoterapia.
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