Caloric restriction benefits on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength with and without exercise training in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Benefícios da restrição calórica na aptidão cardiorrespiratória e força muscular com e sem treino de exercício em humanos: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv4n4-122Keywords:
Dieta de Baixa Caloria, Teste de Esforço, Saúde, Desempenho, Aptidão física.Abstract
Objetivo: Identificar os verdadeiros efeitos da restrição calórica (RC) sobre o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx) relativo e absoluto e força muscular. Métodos: Uma revisão sistemática foi conduzida em 5 bancos de dados, até novembro de 2019. Vinte e oito ensaios controlados foram incluídos nas meta-análises comparando RC sozinho vs. Dieta padrão (RC vs. controle) ou comparando RC mais treinamento físico vs. treinamento de exercício sozinho (RC + EX vs. EX) sobre o VO2máx e a força muscular. Resultados: RC + EX teve um efeito positivo para o VO2máx relativo (1,13 [0,49; 1,78]ml/kg/min, p <0,001), mas não teve nenhum efeito sobre a força muscular relativa (0,41 [-0,28; 1,09], p = 0,25) quando comparados ao EX. RC aumentou significativamente o VO2máx relativo (2,08 [0,90; 3,27]ml/kg/min, p <0,001) e a força relativa (0,47 [0,35; 0,59)], p <0,001), em comparação com dieta padrão. A análise complementar confirmou reduções significativas na massa corporal total, massa gorda e massa muscular entre todos os subgrupos, como esperado. O VO2máx absoluto e a força não foram melhorados por RC + EX ou RC quando comparados a EX e controle, respectivamente. Conclusão: A RC sozinha melhora significativamente o VO2máx relativo e a força muscular em indivíduos fisicamente não ativos.
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