Fatores de risco para o câncer de próstata e a importância do exercício físico como fator preventivo, como parte integrante do tratamento e para sobreviventes do câncer depróstata / Risk factors for prostatecancer and the importance of physical exercise as apreventive factor as part of treatment for prostate cancer survivors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv4n3-358Keywords:
Câncer de Próstata, Exercício Físico, Incidência do Câncer de Próstata, Prevenção do Câncer de Próstata, Tratamento do Câncer de Próstata e Sobreviventes do Câncer de Próstata.Abstract
O câncer de próstata é o tipo de câncer mais frequente entre homens no Brasil. Estima-se que no triênio 2020/2022 sejam diagnosticados 59700 casos de câncer de mama no Brasil, uma incidência de 62,95 casos a cada 100 mil homens. Objetivo: Investigar os fatores que levam ao câncer de próstata e o papel do exercício físico como fator preventivo, como parte integrante do tratamento e como fator importante na melhora da qualidade de vida e longevidade dos sobreviventes do câncer de próstata. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado através de uma revisão bibliográfica nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO e Google Acadêmico, utilizando os termos que relacionavam câncer de próstata e exercício físico,foram selecionados artigos da língua inglesa e portuguesa que se enquadravam nos objetivos do trabalho. Resultados: Os principais fatores de risco são histórico familiar, hormônios, raça, obesidade, fatores de crescimento semelhantes à insulina, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, consumo de álcool e tabagismo, o exercício físico mostrou-se efetivo, como parte integrante do tratamento e para os sobreviventes do câncer de próstata devido reduzir os efeitos colaterais do tratamento.
References
Bourke, L., Smith, D., Steed, L., Hooper, R., Carter, A., Catto, J., … Rosario, D. J. (2016). Exercise for Men with Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. EuropeanUrology, 69(4), 693–703. doi:10.1016.
INCA1 Instituto Nacional De Câncer. Tipos de Câncer, Câncer de próstata 2021, disponível em: https://www.inca.gov.br/tipos-de-cancer/cancer-de-prostata acessado: 31 maio. 2021
INCA2 ESTIMATIVA I 2020 Incidência de Câncer no Brasil- Instituto Nacional de Câncer.
National Cancer Institute (NIH). Cancer causes and Prevention. Disponível em https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-prevention-pdq#_17 acessado em: 31 maio. 2021.
Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Till C, et al.: Biases in Recommendations for and Acceptance of Prostate Biopsy Significantly Affect Assessment of Prostate Cancer Risk Factors: Results From Two Large Randomized Clinical Trials. J ClinOncol 34 (36): 4338-4344, 2016.
Courneya KS. Exercise in cancer survivors: An overview of research.MedSci Sports Exerc : 1846-1852, 2003
Justin C. Brown, Kerri Winters-Stone,Augustine Lee, and Kathryn H. Schmitz. Cancer, Physical Activity, and Exercise. Comprehensive Physiology,October 2012.
24. Taylor RS, Brown A, Ebrahim S, et al. Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med 2004.
Partin, A. W. et al. Combination of prostatespecific antigen, clinical stage, and Gleason score to predict pathological stage of localized prostate cancer. A multi-institutional update. JAMA, v. 277, n. 18, p. 1445-51, 1997.
Pommier, P. et al. Is there a role for pelvic irradiation in localized prostate adenocarcinoma? Preliminary results of GETUG-01. J ClinOncol, v. 25, n. 34, p. 5366-73,2007.
MOUL, J. W. et al. Early versus delayed hormonal therapy for prostate specific antigen only recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. J Urol, v. 179: 53-9, 2008. Supplement 5.
Perdana N.R,.Mochtar C.A, Umbas R, Rizal A.H. Hamid. The Risk Factors of Prostate Cancer and Its Prevention:A Literature Review . The Indonesian Journal of Internal Medicine, 2016.
Masko EM, Allott EH, Freedland SJ. The relationship between nutrition and prostate cancer: Is more always better? Euro Urol. 2013;63:810-20.
Zhang L, Li L, Jiao M, Wu D, et al. Genisteininhibits thestemness properties of prostate cancer cells through targeting Hedgehog–Gli1 pathway. Cancer Letters.2012;323:48–57.
Yang CS, Li G, Yang Z, Guan F, Chen A, Ju J. Minireview cancer prevention by tocopherols and tea polyphenols. Cancer Letters. 2013;334:79–85.
Tortajadaa JF, Tornerob OB, Castello JG, GarcíadJAO,Andreue JAL. Dietetic factors associated with prostate cancer: protective effects of mediterranean diet. ActasUrol Esp. 2012;36(4):239-45.
Mullins JK, Loeb S. Environmental exposures andprostate cancer. UrolOncol. 2012;30:216–9.
Hurst R, Hooper L, Norat T, et al. Selenium and prostate cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J ClinNutr. 2012;96:111–22.
Keogh JWL, McLeod RD. Body composition, physical fitness, functional performance, quality of life, and fatigue benefits of exercise for prostate cancer patients: A systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2012;43:96-110.
Cormie, P., Newton, R. U., Spry, N., Joseph, D., Taaffe, D. R., &Galvão, D. A. (2015). Erratum: Safety and efficacy of resistance exercise in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, 18(2), 196–196. doi:10.1038/pcan.2013.6
Keilani, M., Hasenoehrl, T., Baumann, L., Ristl, R., Schwarz, M., Marhold, M., …Crevenna, R. (2017). Effects of resistance exercise in prostate cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Supportive Care in Cancer, 25(9), 2953–2968. doi:10.1007/s00520-017-3771-z.
Taaffe, D. R., Newton, R. U., Spry, N., Joseph, D., Chambers, S. K., Gardiner, R. A., Galvão, D. A. (2017). Effects of Different Exercise Modalities on Fatigue in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Year-long Randomised Controlled Trial. European Urology, 72(2), 293–299. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2017.02.019.
Newton, R. U., Jeffery, E., Galvão, D. A., Peddle-McIntyre, C. J., Spry, N., Joseph, D., Taaffe, D. R. (2018). Body composition, fatigue and exercise in patients with prostate cancer undergoing androgen-deprivation therapy. BJU International. doi:10.1111/bju.14384.
Lopez P., Taaffe, Newton, Galvão. Resistance Exercise Dosage in Men with Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021 Mar 1;53(3):459-469. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002503.
Galvão DA, Taaffe DR, Spry N, Joseph D, Newton RU. Combined resistance and aerobic exercise program reverses muscle loss in men undergoing androgen suppression therapy for prostate cancer without bone metastases: a randomized controlled trial. J ClinOncol. 2010;28(2):340–7.
Taaffe DR Galvão DA Spry N, et al. . Immediate versus delayed exercise in men initiating androgen deprivation: effects on bone density and soft tissue composition. BJU Int. 2019;123(2):261–9.
Dawson, J. K., Dorff, T. B., Todd Schroeder, E., Lane, C. J., Gross, M. E., &Dieli-Conwright, C. M. (2018). Impact of resistance training on body composition and metabolic syndrome variables during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer, 18(1). doi:10.1186/s12885-018-4306-9.
Segal, R. J., Reid, R. D., Courneya, K. S., Sigal, R. J., Kenny, G. P., Prud’Homme, D. G., … SlovinecD’Angelo, M. E. (2009). Randomized Controlled Trial of Resistance or Aerobic Exercise in Men Receiving Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 27(3), 344–351. doi:10.1200/jco.2007.15.4963.
Yeo, T. P. (2013). Exercise improves fatigue during and after breast and prostate cancer treatment, with benefits seen for aerobic exercise. Evidence Based Nursing, 16(4), 101–102. doi:10.1136/eb-2012-101198.
Zdravkovic, A., Hasenöhrl, T., Palma, S., &Crevenna, R. (2020). Effects of resistance exercise in prostate cancer patients. Wiener KlinischeWochenschrift. doi:10.1007/s00508-020-01713-x.
Cormie P, Galvao DA, Spry N, Joseph D, Chee R, Taaffe DR, et al. Can supervised exercise prevent treatment toxicity in patients with prostate cancer initiating androgen-deprivation therapy: a randomised controlled trial. BJU Int.2015;115:256–66.
Nascimento, E. B. do, Leite, R. D., & Prestes, J. (2011). Câncer: benefícios do treinamento de força e aeróbio. Revista Da Educação Física/UEM, 22(4). doi:10.4025/reveducfis.v22i4.11670.
Baptista, Danilo Bianchini. Effect of aerobic physical exercise and hyperlipid diet in prostate of wild mice and PPAR- ? - / -: analysis histopathological and molecular – Dissertação de Mestrado.
Ponte J, Cardoso A, Aires C, Moro N, Silva B, Sousa G. Tratamento do câncer de próstata hormônio refratário atual e suas inovações: Revisão de literatura; Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 2021,
